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7 results

  • 8 - Ultrasound of non-gynaecological pelvic lesions

  • Edited by Davor Jurkovic, Lil Valentin, Sanjay Vyas
  • Book:
    Gynaecological Ultrasound in Clinical Practice
    Published online:
    05 February 2014
    Print publication:
    01 June 2009, pp 77-90

  • Summary

    Transvaginal ultrasound has improved the ability of ultrasound to interrogate the pelvic organs with less interference from intervening structures such as gas or fat. The gynaecologist may need to distinguish between the symptoms caused by pelvic inflammatory disease and those of an inflamed pelvic appendix. Appendiceal mucocele occurs when there is accumulation of mucoid material within the lumen of the appendix distal to an obstruction. Mucoceles occur more commonly in women than men. Ultrasound can show different patterns, including a cystic structure with thin walls, a cyst with septations and, the most common appearance, layered rings of mucus of different echogenicity. Ultrasound is highly sensitive in detecting calculi in the kidneys. An ureterocele can be clinically silent and without upper tract dilation. The diagnosis may be made for the first time during sonography of the pelvis.

  • 16 - Deep Venous Thrombosis

  • from PART II - ULTRASOUND
  • Edited by J. Christian Fox, University of California, Irvine
  • Book:
    Clinical Emergency Radiology
    Published online:
    07 December 2009
    Print publication:
    29 September 2008, pp 246-253

  • Summary

    Deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is an extremely common disorder, estimated to occur in approximately 2 million Americans per year. Ultrasonography of an extremity to check for the presence of a DVT is a commonly requested examination. A lower extremity venous ultrasound consists of imaging the common femoral vein (CFV) beginning at its confluence with the greater saphenous vein in the inguinal region and continuing to the superficial femoral vein until the distal thigh. Examination of the popliteal vein (PV) is performed by slight flexion of the knee and external rotation of the hip. Lack of vein compressibility is the main indicator of a thrombus. The use of bedside sonography in patients with a painful swollen extremity is helpful in diagnosing a deep venous thrombosis. The most important component of this exam is the determination of the compressibility of the veins.

  • Graves' disease, with and without nodules, and the risk of thyroid carcinoma

  • Y Erbil, U Barbaros, N Özbey, Y Kapran, M Tükenmez, A Bozbora, S Özarmağan
  • Journal:
    The Journal of Laryngology & Otology / Volume 122 / Issue 3 / March 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 August 2007, pp. 291-295
    Print publication:
    March 2008
  • Objective:

    Thyroid nodules are frequently present in Graves' disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the risk of thyroid carcinoma in Graves' disease patients, with and without ultrasonographically identified nodules, who subsequently underwent surgical treatment.

    Design:

    The study group included 150 consecutive patients with diagnosed Graves' disease who subsequently underwent surgery.

    Subjects:

    The patients were divided into two groups according to whether the pre-operative ultrasound scan showed diffuse parenchyma (group one; n = 70) or nodules (group two; n = 80).

    Results:

    Of the 150 patients, 18 (12 per cent) were found to have papillary thyroid carcinoma. Papillary carcinoma was found in seven patients (10 per cent) in group one and in 11 patients (1.7 per cent) in group two. After evaluating the overall groups, the incidence of carcinoma in the parenchyma outside a nodule was 67 per cent, whereas the incidence of carcinoma in a nodule was 33 per cent.

    Conclusion:

    Carcinoma can occur in Graves' disease patients without nodules, and the absence of nodules on ultrasonographic examination does not reduce the risk of malignancy.

  • Ultrasonographic measurement of the bovine teat: breed differences, and the significance of the measurements for udder health

  • Daniela Klein, Martina Flöck, Johannes Lorenz Khol, Sonja Franz, Hans Peter Stüger, Walter Baumgartner
  • Journal:
    Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 72 / Issue 3 / August 2005
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    09 May 2005, pp. 296-302
    Print publication:
    August 2005

  • The objective was to measure teat canal length and diameter, teat diameter and teat wall thickness by ultrasonographic scanning in order to determine the differences in bovine breeds, and to study the influence of teat canal length and diameter on the occurrence of mastitis. A total of 269 lactating dairy cows of four different breeds (Brown Swiss, Simmental, Simmental crossbred with Red Pied, and Holstein-Friesians) from seven Upper Austrian dairy farms were examined. Average teat canal length of Brown Swiss animals was shortest (15·7 mm) followed by Holstein-Friesians (17·2 mm) and Simmental (18·3 mm). These differences in teat canal length were highly significant (P[les ]0·001). There was no significant difference in teat canal length between pure-bred and crossbred Simmentals. Differences of teat canal diameter between breeds were significant (P[les ]0·05). Brown Swiss animals had the largest diameters (2·0 mm) and Holstein-Friesians the smallest (1·7 mm). Differences in teat diameter between Brown Swiss, Holstein-Friesian and Simmental were also significant. No differences were found between the pure-bred and crossbred Simmental cows. The narrowest teats were in Holstein-Friesians and the widest in Simmental. Holstein-Friesians also exhibited the thinnest teat walls while the Simmental had the thickest ones. Teat canal length and diameter were correlated with udder health. Teat canals of healthy udders tended to be longer (17·4 mm) and narrower (1·8 mm) than teat canals of infected udders (15·8 mm, 2·1 mm; P[les ]0·001). A logistic regression model showed significant effects of teat canal length, teat canal diameter and lactation number on udder health.