This chapter of the handbook presents a large body of evidence suggesting that, within the first year of life, infants hold both expectations about and preferences for morally good versus bad protagonists. The authors show that, across different methods, infants distinguish between morally significant acts of helping and hindering as well as between acting fairly and unfairly; they prefer the morally good actions and the morally good protagonists; and they expect others to prefer the morally good protagonists as well. Going beyond a mere valence difference, these expectations vary systematically in response to critical factors, such as the victim’s state of need, in-group/out-group membership, and an actor’s intentions. Many of the findings appear in infants 8–12 months of age, some as early as 3 months of age. Many questions remain, such as how consistent the findings are across experimenters and populations; whether the violated norm is truly moral or only a social expectation; or to what extent earliest learning guides these expectations and preferences. But overall, the evidence for budding moral distinctions in early infancy is highly compelling and provocative.