Feed intake is controlled through a combination of long- and short-term mechanisms. Homeorhetic mechanisms allow adaptation to changes in physiological states in the long term, whereas homeostatic mechanisms are important to maintain physiological equilibrium in the short term. Feed intake is a function of meal size and meal frequency that are controlled by short-term mechanisms over the timeframe of minutes that are modulated by homeorhetic signals to adapt to changes in the physiological state. Control of feed intake by hepatic oxidation likely integrates these mechanisms. Signals from the liver are transmitted to brain feeding centers via vagal afferents and are affected by the hepatic oxidation of fuels. Because fuels oxidized in the liver are derived from both the diet and tissues, the liver is able to integrate long- and short-term controls. Whereas multiple signals are integrated in brain feeding centers to ultimately determine feeding behavior, the liver is likely a primary sensor of energy status.

Experiments were conducted to evaluate sharppod morningglory control with postemergence herbicides used in cotton and to determine the influence of diuron on glyphosate efficacy. Glyphosate plus diuron was one of the most efficacious herbicide treatments in the field experiment, providing up to 78% control of 10- to 20-cm stem length sharppod morningglory. In growth-chamber experiments, mixtures of either 420 or 840 g ai/ha diuron plus glyphosate potassium salt at 840 g ae/ha were needed to significantly reduce sharppod morningglory biomass. Compared to published results with other Ipomoea spp. and field bindweed, sharppod morningglory absorbed more and translocated less glyphosate after 72 h. Retention of glyphosate in treated leaves increased when the glyphosate was mixed with 420 g/ha diuron. Mixture with 420 or 840 g/ha diuron reduced the concentration of glyphosate in roots; however, only 2% of glyphosate alone was translocated to the roots. These results indicate that the combination of glyphosate with diuron improves aboveground sharppod morningglory desiccation, but limits glyphosate translocation.