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  • 4 - Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

  • from Section 1 - The Underpinnings of Sex and Gender and How to Study Them
  • Edited by Fanny M. Cheung, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Diane F. Halpern, Claremont McKenna College, California
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of the International Psychology of Women
    Published online:
    20 July 2020
    Print publication:
    06 August 2020, pp 37-51

  • Summary

    This chapter examines and defines a number of terms fundamental to understanding women including sex, gender, gender identity, gender roles, sexual orientation, sexual identity, sexual and gender fluidity, and gender/sex. Although these aspects of being a woman are connected, they are nonetheless distinct. To understand what it means to be a woman, it is important to understand the complexities of each of these concepts both within and across cultures as well as to take an intersectional approach that considers all of a woman’s identities. We propose that the answer to the question of who is a woman is that women are those individuals who identify as being a woman, regardless of their sex assigned at birth, gender roles, sexual orientation, or sexual identity. We also concluded that although there are certainly some biological differences between men and women, women’s sexuality and sexual well-being can be best understood from a social constructionist perspective that takes sociocultural influences into account.