Successful assisted reproduction treatment is critically dependent on consistent laboratory performance. Each laboratory process, from collection of oocytes and preparation of sperm for use in fertilisation in vitro, through embryo culture, assessment, selection for transfer, biopsy for genetic testing, to the storage (cryopreservation) of gametes and embryos for use in later treatment, carries an inherent risk of damage, whether mechanical or through exposure to suboptimal conditions outside the body, with consequences for the chance of successful clinical outcome. Training, competency in specific, unique technical skills and consistent performance of all laboratory practitioners are vital in the ART laboratory. Procedures must be carried out meticulously, adhering to standard operating procedures, with precise attention to detail. Strict adherence to guidelines issued by regulatory and professional bodies is necessary and essential in order to minimise risk and maximise performance. The implementation of a Quality Management System ensures consistent, optimised performance, and facilitates risk assessment and root cause analyses.