Shannon and Marshall read London alongside the city of Manchester, and the fictional town of Cranford in their chapter, which takes some of the decade’s industrial novels and examines them through the lens of sustainability. The chapter is mindful that it is in this period that industrialisation and globalisation begin to achieve the capacity that we are now seeking to control as we realise the environmental devastation of their proliferation; and that industrial success is based on a deeply unsustainable exploitation of human and natural resources. The authors argue that though Dickens and Gaskell did not have the language of sustainability that is available to us, nonetheless their work begins to recognise the costs of British trade domination. The picture is complicated by the novelists’ own dependence on the industrialisation of publishing, its increasingly necessary global reach, and the tight deadlines of the serialised novel, on which periodical publications depended.

This chapter charts how Paul et Virginie manifests the degradation in the human – thing relationship from intimacy to estrangement; I further show how later artists and writers reincarnate the novel in “after-books” and in “after-art”—wallpaper, paintings, fans and plates. The novel’s insistence on splitting body from spirit, sexuality from virtue, and human from nonhuman leads to sacrificing the heroine’s life to reinforce the illusion of female purity. This sacrifice reinstates binaries partially transcended in the novel’s earlier sections when the characters’ respect for and kinesthetic engagement with the environment intensifies love and gives them the right to belong with each other and with the nonhuman. The chapter argues that after-things reimagine Bernardin’s novel in fresh ways, all of them contending with Paul et Virginie’s ultimate dualism: some recapitulate or complicate that binary thinking; some obliterate Bernardin’s protest against enslavement; and others forge a belonging with between human and nonhuman by restoring Paul and Virginie to life and happiness.

The final chapter takes a wider look at wind turbine technology in the context of a potential 100% renewable electricity supply at national or state level. The problem of intermittency is explained, together with the role of overcapacity and wind turbine power density in helping to solve it. A section on energy storage considers the theoretical storage capacity that would be needed at national level to enable wind power to serve all demand, with high level analysis using one year’s data from the UK national grid; a second case study considers the State of Texas again using measured hourly data. The potential to combine solar and wind power is examined for both case studies, in proportions so as to minimise the energy storage requirement. The economics of a wind/solar grid with storage are explored with LCOE analysis, and the results discussed in the context of different storage technologies, with a range of installed costs. The final section examines the sustainability of wind turbine manufacture, decommissioning, and disposal, with examples of new technology to reduce associated CO2 emissions. These include decarbonised steel production, recyclable blades and wood laminate towers.

This chapter describes the cross border geopolitical terrain within which we advocated Israeli and Palestinian authorities on behalf of the hub-driven path to reform described in previous chapters. The impressive entrepreneurial accomplishments of the West-Line’s informal recycling industry, and our arguments for its social and environmental upgrading came up against the harsh constraints of regional politics and policies. On the Israeli side, an increasingly tense and militarized response to waste smuggling and burning meshed with a narrow vision of Israeli e-waste management policies modeled on the internationally dominant EPR system. This impulse converged, ironically, with the stance of the Palestinian Authority. Here, officials regarded waste flows as a joint manifestation of Israeli dumping and the criminality of marginal individual Palestinians. The Authority’s battle for symbolic expressions of sovereignty in a context where it possesses almost none of its substance, formally allows the recycling of only that small fraction of e-waste that is indigenously Palestinian—a convenient fiction that blocks formal commercial recycling. For example, the foremost example of a Palestinian company performing large scale clean recycling on a commercial basis is not showcased as a way forward, but faces constant friction from both Israeli and Palestinian institutional and regulatory barriers.

This chapter focuses on teacher support for students evaluating and communicating information in science and engineering. In each chapter, the practice is dissected into distinct and clear learning tasks. These tasks are then examined within the context of a self-regulated learning cycle. A multistep coaching strategy is explained and points for instruction and assessment are given using the example of a design challenge for students in grades 3 through 5 to improve the school recycling program. The tasks are reassembled into two case studies – one positive and one negative – to demonstrate how the learning tasks can be used by students.

This chapter develops a microfounded model of institutional changes and uses it to examine the joint production of institutions and economic output. In that model, agents must decide to participate in the political life of the city, participation whose level affects the level of the quality of institutions, as well as the possibilities of long-run economic expansion. It is shown that there exists a critical threshold for the quality of institutions below which agents do not participate to the political life, and above which they do participate. It is also shown that the presence of political participation does not suffice to bring immediate economic take-off: several generations of citizens with positive political participation are needed to achieve economic take-off.

In the year when France commemorated the sixtieth anniversary of the liberation of its territory from Nazi rule by the Allied Forces, President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal initiated a commemoration of the contribution that the Tirailleurs sénégalais made to this military victory. Inviting the heads of different African states whose colonial subjects had joined the colonial army of Tirailleurs, the Day of the Tirailleur was celebrated on 23 August 2004 to commemorate the day of the landing at Toulon. In the Senegalese media, the ‘blood debt’ of France to its African liberators was widely debated, and the discrimination in pensions that African veterans have experienced since political independence was widely condemned. During the day, a statue of the soldiers Demba and Dupont was unveiled at its new location to recognize the contribution Africans have made to France’s military history. This colonial statue was first inaugurated in 1923 to recognize the role played by Tirailleurs in the First World War; it is now recycled to remind France of its colonial debt. The Day of the Tirailleur reminded France of its obligations towards the Senegalese migrants in France whose legal status was very much debated at the time. By reinstating a colonial statue and recycling the social capital made by sacrifice, the Senegalese government appropriated and reinterpreted African history, recycling its colonial legacy as a technique of repair.

This chapter considers three sets of concrete benefits that flow from repair. First, repair helps consumers save money by extending the lifespan of products and fostering secondary markets. Second, repair lessens the massive environmental burden of modern consumerism, from the extraction of natural resources to the eventual disposal of the devices we buy. Finally, repair helps us grow and flourish as people. Through repair, we become better informed about the world around us, develop analytical and problem-solving skills, exercise greater autonomy, and build stronger communities.

We each use 150 plastic bottles and 300 single-use plastic bags every year. Very few of these get recycled. Plastic is used in everything because it is light, cheap, disposable, and virtually indestructible. Nearly 380 million tons of plastic are produced every year. Plastic is made from oil, natural gas, and other petroleum-derived chemicals that do not biodegrade and persist in the environment for hundreds or thousands of years. Every year nearly 9 million tons of plastic end up in the oceans, most of it single use, where it breaks down into small pieces known as microplastics, leaching chemicals (like BPA, styrene, and PCBs) into the ocean. Animals sometimes mistake microplastics for food and ingest them. This can block their digestive tracts leading to starvation, or allow chemicals and other persistent organic pollutants (POPs) attached to the plastics to concentrate in their flesh and fats. When other animals (and humans) eat these smaller animals, chemical toxins – carcinogens and endocrine disruptors – bioaccumulate up the food chain and can affect health and fertility. Plastics also harm (or kill) coral reefs, fish, and other marine animals due to entanglement. We can and should reduce our use of plastics.

It has recently been suggested that the Grafton edition of 1559 was not only the first of that year, but that it was printed even before Parliament sat. But the book not only quotes the Act of Supremacy accurately but its preliminaries also include the whole Act of Uniformity verbatim—and there are several other improbabilities and mistakes in that argument. This chapter also reveals that although every sheet of the 1552 book was duly reprinted in 1559 with the required revisions (each of which is discussed), Grafton had kept a large number of unused sheets from his last edition of 1552. Each of the surviving copies of his Elizabethan edition contains between one and twenty-three sheets recycled from his last Edwardian edition.

The transition to a low-carbon economy will increase mineral commodity demands by up to tenfold by 2050. Improving the quality of lives in developing countries will further increase resource demands. Mineral ores are critical for manufacturing low-carbon technologies. The projected increase in demand provides a major business opportunity, in turn providing a driver for the required investment to move to low-carbon mining, processing and recycling. To improve efficiency and reduce the carbon footprint of mining and metals recycling, the industry can take advantage of solar photovoltaics, wind and batteries, and renewable energy power purchase agreements, and reduce flaring, venting and fugitive emissions. Adaptation to cope with extreme weather events is critical to ensure materials can be delivered to low-carbon technology producers. Reducing exposure to climate risks through an integrated adaptation–mitigation approach lessens operational, maintenance and insurance costs. This chapter reviews tools to help the sector simultaneously achieve both climate mitigation and adaptation cost-effectively.