Vascular access-related complications are an important consideration in patients undergoing cardiac catheterisation. Patients with CHD are increasingly undergoing percutaneous treatment for suitable procedures as an alternative, less invasive option to surgical intervention. As such, recognition and treatment of these complications are becoming increasingly important. We present a case of a patient with repaired Tetralogy of Fallot who developed a femoral arteriovenous fistula and femoral artery pseudoaneurysm arising from an accessory arterial branch following percutaneous Harmony valve implantation, both of which were treated endovascularly with placement of a stent.

Cardiac myxoma is a relatively rare tumour, usually solitary, that occurs primarily in the left atrium of adults, but comprises only 30% of cardiac tumours in children. We recently treated a 12-year-old girl with multiple recurrent myxomas in three cardiac chambers(following surgical resection 3 years earlier). Genomic analysis showed the PKAR1A mutation typical for Carney complex

The carotid artery is a valuable vascular access that can be used in patients who have undergone repetitive interventional and surgical procedures and premature babies. In the past, cut-down was used but nowadays, mostly the procedure is performed under ultrasonographic guidance. Complications such as bleeding, haematoma, and pseudoaneurysm may occur when the carotid artery is used as a vascular access for the procedures such as aortic balloon valvuloplasty, coarctation balloon angioplasty, or after interventional or surgical treatments to the carotid artery. Although pseudoaneurysm is very rare, prompt diagnosis and accurate treatment planning are life-saving. In this article, the diagnosis and treatment of pseudoaneurysm in the left common carotid after transcatheter coarctation balloon angioplasty in a 6-month-old infant will be presented.

Pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms are uncommon. They may occur secondary to trauma, infectious diseases, vasculitis syndromes, neoplasms, congenital diseases, and pulmonary hypertension. Due to increasing number of cardiac interventions, iatrogenic complications are among the major causes of pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysms.

In this report, we present a 6-month-old patient with pulmonary pseudoaneurysm that occurred following pulmonary balloon angioplasty for the relief of a pulmonary band.

We present a case of percutaneous closure of main pulmonary artery pseudoaneurysm using an atrial septal occluder device in a seven-month-old infant. The infant had tetralogy of Fallot repair followed by transcatheter left pulmonary artery stenting. The occlusion of the wide neck of the pseudoaneurysm was performed successfully using the atrial septal occluder with no detected complications in his six-month follow-up post-catheterisation.

Pseudoaneurysms of the ascending aorta are rarely seen in paediatric patients. They may occur following complex cardiovascular surgery and are associated with a high risk of mortality due to their nature of spontaneous rupture. In this case report, we discuss a 1-year-old paediatric patient with an ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm following Norwood Stage 1 surgery with Sano modification for hypoplastic left heart syndrome and the patient’s successful recovery following aneurysmectomy with Norwood Stage 2 operation.

Pseudoaneurysm of the ascending aorta is rare (1–2%) and a potentially fatal complication following cardiac surgeries. Surgical repair is still the gold standard treatment of ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm. However, endovascular repair methods including stent grafts and Septal Occluder devices have been reported. We report a case of 38-year-old female patient who presented with giant ascending aortic pseudoaneurysm, and aortopulmonary fistula 22 years after modified BlalockTaussig shunt was managed by the transcatheter method. Septal Occluder device 20 mm diameter was delivered to seal the ostium.

Post-procedural right ventricular pseudoaneurysm is a rare but life-threatening complication of interventional catheterisation. We describe a 3-day-old newborn who underwent transcatheter intervention for pulmonary atresia with a complication of right ventricular pseudoaneurysms, and transcatheter embolisation of the pseudoaneurysms was performed at 3-week-old. It is the first described case that receives transcatheter closure of right ventricular pseudoaneurysms in a newborn with a favourable outcome.

We report a case of an isolated congenital right ventricular outpouching detected incidentally on foetal echocardiogram that was performed due to suspicion of CHD. Subsequent echocardiogram after birth revealed an aneurysm with features of a pseudoaneurysm having a thin and hypokinetic wall connected to the ventricleʼs cavity via a narrow neck. This pseudoaneurysm appears to be stable in size and of no clinical significance during the short-term follow-up.

Left ventricular outflow tract pseudoaneurysms are a rare but life-threatening disorder, often caused by complications of cardiac surgery or myocardial infarction. We present a case report of a patient with no prior risk factors who presented with a six-month history of progressive exertional dyspnea, bilateral leg swelling and cough. Point-of-care ultrasound revealed an unexpected outpouching of the left ventricle. He was diagnosed with a left ventricular outflow tract pseudoaneurysm and subsequently went into cardiogenic shock secondary to extension of pseudoaneurysm causing extrinsic compression of the coronary arteries. The patient underwent successful emergency surgical repair and made a full recovery.

The mitral–aortic intervalvular fibrosa is an area of fibrous continuity between the mitral and aortic valves. We present the first case of a congenital pseudoaneurysm in this region, detected prenatally as an isolated cardiac defect, which was followed-up conservatively postnatally. The diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiogram demonstrating blood flow into the pouch during systole and into the left ventricular outflow tract during diastole. The infant has been followed-up with serial echocardiograms demonstrating stable size and appearance of the lesion, without signs of obstruction, making close continued observation a reasonable approach.

We present the case of a 23 year-old male who sustained an anterior tibial artery pseudoaneurysm after an apparently innocuous soccer injury. The patient presented with sudden onset severe pain and swelling one week after the injury. The diagnosis was made using duplex ultrasound, and confirmed with CT angiography. Definitive management consisted of endovascular platinum microcoiling. One year later, the patient is asymptomatic and remains active. A review of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of arterial pseudoaneurysm is presented. Bedside ultrasound in the emergency department may be a useful adjunct in the early identification of pseudoaneurysms.

This case report documents the successful surgical repair of an aorto-bronchial fistula and a giant aortic pseudoaneurysm at the proximal anastomosis of a dacron interposition tube graft that was balloon dilated for recurrent coarctation. Balloon dilation for recoarctation of a dacron interposition tube graft may lead to serious complications.

Post-infective pseudoaneurysm of the left ventricle in children is very rare, with only five cases reported in English medical literature so far. Patients usually have a short history of infection by Staphylococcus aureus. Timely surgical intervention has generally a good outcome. We present a case of post-infectious pseudoaneurysm in a 2-year-old girl with a review of literature.

A 25-year-old male developed a traumatic intimo-medial dissection and saccular pseudoaneurysm at the origin of the innominate artery following a motorcycle accident. On physical examination there was no perceivable trauma to the chest. In addition, there were no clinical symptoms that suggested this serious injury. The patient was managed with successful stent-graft placement on an elective basis.

AzarconF, GhalebM. Early Diagnosis and Treatment of a Posttraumatic Pseudoaneurysm/Dissection of the Innominate Artery. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2014;29(1):1-3.

Objectives: This publication aims to report the cases of four children with pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa and carry out a review of the literature. Background: Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa is a very rare anomaly in children. It can be either congenital or acquired, namely, after bacterial endocarditis or cardiac trauma. This pathology does not usually cause specific symptoms but its outcome may be potentially fatal. Methods: We report the cases of four patients presenting with pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa, referred for treatment in a paediatric cardiology clinic. Patient clinical notes were retrospectively reviewed for aetiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic work-up, surgical treatment, and follow-up. Literature on the subject was extensively reviewed. Results: In three patients, pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa was acquired, being secondary to bacterial endocarditis in two cases and establishing after mitral surgery in another case. The remaining patient had a “congenital” aetiology – no other cause could be traced. The diagnosis was achieved by transthoracic echocardiography for all patients, and confirmed in all by trans-oesophageal echocardiography, to better define morphological details and to access flow into the aneurysmal formation. All patients were submitted to corrective cardiac surgery. Of the patients, three survived and were cured by surgery, staying asymptomatic, and one died after repeated interventions, for persistent endocarditis. Conclusions: Pseudoaneurysm of the mitral-aortic intervalvular fibrosa is a rare but potentially fatal anomaly. In our experience, surgical cure was achieved for the majority of the cases, except for a case for which infection could not be locally eradicated, leading to multiple reinterventions.

Behçet's disease is a chronic autoimmune disease with vascular complications that are most frequently manifested as thromboembolism in veins and pseudoaneurysm in arteries. We report the case of a 13-year-old boy admitted for clinical and biological signs of rheumatic fever associated with chest pain. The clinical examination found heart sounds with a discrete systolic murmur of mitral regurgitation. The electrocardiogram showed a microvoltage with diffuse repolarisation disorder. Biologically, he had inflammatory syndrome. Transthoracic echocardiography showed circumferential pericardial effusion with anterosepto-apical hypokinesia of the left ventricle with systolic dysfunction, and a minimal mitral regurgitation. The patient was treated by corticotherapy and antibiotherapy. The outcome was marked by orogenital aphthous ulceration and decreased visual acuity related to intermediate uveitis. The retinal angiography showed a vasculitis. The late appearance of this symptom led to the right diagnosis of Behçet's syndrome. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a hypokinetic dilated cardiomyopathy left ventricular with septo apical and anterior akinesia and severe systolic dysfunction, with a defect of the inferior septal with a collar communicating the left ventricle with a giant pseudo aneurysm. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a giant pseudoaneurysm communicating with the left ventricle. The coronary computed tomography was normal. The patient had undergone surgical treatment for the pseudoaneurysm with good outcomes.