Sleep enuresis (SE) is characterized by recurrent involuntary voiding of urine during sleep that occurs at least twice a week, for at least 3 consecutive months, in a child of 5 years age. The assessment of SE is based on history (familial predisposition and emotional standpoint), sleep habits, and also on physical examination. There is a strong genetic influence in SE; when both parents suffer from SE, almost 75% of their children are expected to be also enuretic, while the prevalence of SE in the offspring of two parents who were not enuretic during childhood is only 15%. Several polysomnographic studies reported that children with SE have normal sleep architecture, in terms of proportion and distribution of sleep stages during night. The management of primary enuresis starts from the education of the patient and family including: supportive approach, evening fluid restriction, and sleep hygiene rules.

This chapter reviews clinical disorders in which the daily pattern of food intake is dysregulated such that eating occurs at night during sleep period. It presents the characteristics, diagnosis, demographics, consequences, physiology and treatment of sleep-related eating disorders. The chapter also provides brief reference to differential diagnosis with night-eating syndrome (NES). It also describes the associations of SRED with other disorders, including sleep disorders, mood disorders and eating disorders. Polysomnographic (PSG) studies of patients with SRED demonstrate high prevalence of concurrent sleep disorders. Treatments that are employed to manage daytime eating disorders may be beneficial in controlling night-time eating episodes. Pharmacologic treatments for SRED (and NES) are either derived from effective therapeutics in related disorders (e.g. bulimia nervosa or somnambulism) or those useful in disorders which are commonly comorbid with nocturnal eating disorders (e.g. restless legs syndrome (RLS)).