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5 results

  • A Light in Dark Places: Later Prehistoric Mortuary Activity in Caves in Scotland and Northern England

  • BEN HUME, IAN ARMIT
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society , First View
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    31 May 2024, pp. 1-19
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  • Humans have utilised caves for funerary activities for millennia and their unique preservational conditions provide a wealth of evidence for treatments of the dead. This paper examines the evidence for funerary practices in the caves of Scotland and northern England from the Bronze Age to the Roman Iron Age (c. 2200 bc–ad 400) in the context of later prehistoric funerary ritual. Results suggest significant levels of perimortem trauma on human skeletal remains from caves relative to those from non-cave sites. We also observe a recurrent pattern of deposition involving inhumation of neonates in contrast to excarnation of older individuals.

Imperial Heartland
  • Immigration, Working-class Culture and Everyday Tolerance, 1917–1947
  • David Holland
  • Published online:
    03 August 2023
    Print publication:
    17 August 2023
  • Working-class Britons played a crucial role in the pioneering settlement and integration of South Asians in imperial Britain. Using a host of new and neglected sources, Imperial Heartland revises the history of early South Asian immigration to Britain, focusing on the northern English city of Sheffield. Rather than viewing immigration through the lens of inevitable conflict, this study takes an alternative approach, situating mixed marriages and inter-racial social networks centrally within the South Asian settlement of modern Britain. Whilst acknowledging the episodic racial conflict of the early inter-war period, David Holland challenges assumptions that insurmountable barriers of race, religion and culture existed between the British working classes and non-white newcomers. Imperial Heartland closely examines the reactions of working-class natives to these young South Asian men and overturns our pre-conceptions that hostility to perceived racial or national difference was an overriding pre-occupation of working-class people during this period. Imperial Heartland therefore offers a fresh and inspiring new perspective on the social and cultural history of modern Britain.

  • 15 - William the Conqueror’s Harrying of the North, 1069–1070

  • from Part III - The Medieval World and Early Imperial Expansions
  • Edited by Ben Kiernan, Yale University, Connecticut, T. M. Lemos, Huron University College, University of Western Ontario, Tristan S. Taylor, University of New England, Australia
  • General editor Ben Kiernan, Yale University, Connecticut
  • Book:
    The Cambridge World History of Genocide
    Published online:
    23 June 2023
    Print publication:
    04 May 2023, pp 403-424

  • Summary

    William I’s ‘Harrying of the North’ was a military expedition against local rebels and a Danish invasion force in the winter of 1069–70. It has been regarded since the 1870s as a uniquely savage treatment of the English inhabitants of northern England, wantonly destructive of life and the means of sustenance, and tantamount to genocide. Such views derive from the two fullest medieval accounts, by the early twelfth-century historians Symeon of Durham and Orderic Vitalis. However, neither was an eye-witness, both were at work two generations later, and both had their own agenda in describing the destruction of the North and William I’s cruelty. The Harrying should instead be seen as a routine military operation which took place, unusually, in the depths of winter, and so had unusually severe consequences. More strictly contemporary accounts from Evesham and Beverley reveal a regional but probably localized famine and a refugee crisis. Further, the record in Domesday Book (1086) of many Yorkshire villages as ‘waste’ should be read as referring not to physical destruction but to the absence of surplus values accruing to landlords, and not caused by the Harrying alone. The Harrying of the North was no genocide.

  • Chapter 9 - Viking Armies and their Historical Legacy across England’s North–South Divide, c.790–c.1100

  • from Part II - Place
  • Edited by Jennifer Jahner, California Institute of Technology, Emily Steiner, University of Pennsylvania, Elizabeth M. Tyler, University of York
  • Book:
    Medieval Historical Writing
    Published online:
    19 December 2019
    Print publication:
    28 November 2019, pp 157-171

  • Summary

    This chapter looks at the written responses to the Viking Age in England. The initial response from Alcuin drew on the paradigm established by the 5th/6th-century British writer Gildas, who depicted the Anglo-Saxon invasions as punishment from God for the sinfulness of the Britons. It proceeds to contrast this with how the Viking Age was remembered in the north of England through an examination of the eleventh-century text Historia de Sancto Cuthberto, which (it is argued) shows how the Scandinavian past was integrated into northern English history as an essential, and very often positive, element. This is compared to the Skaldic poetry associated with the court of Cnut the Great, and it is suggested that the Historia de Sancto Cuthberto and other later English history-writing integrated elements of Scandinavian traditions (especially those associated with Cnut’s family) into their depictions of the English past.

  • The Carboniferous Archerbeck Borehole, near Canonbie (Dumfriesshire, southern Scotland): biostratigraphic revision of the late Asbian to early Pendleian succession using foraminiferans and regional correlations

  • Pedro Cózar, Ian D. Somerville
  • Journal:
    Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of The Royal Society of Edinburgh / Volume 103 / Issue 1 / March 2012
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    14 March 2013, pp. 105-122
    Print publication:
    March 2012

  • The upper half of the Archerbeck Borehole contains a continuous Mississippian succession from the late Asbian (late Viséan) to the Pendleian (early Serpukhovian), with numerous limestone horizons. The borehole sequence lies within the Solway Basin (western end of the Northumberland Trough) and bridges the successions between the Midland Valley of Scotland and the Pennines (northern England). The rich foraminiferal and algal assemblages are compared to those described by previous authors, and genera as well as species are updated as far as is possible. In addition, some other overlooked or underestimated taxa have been identified and illustrated, which improve notably the biostratigraphic resolution of the Archerbeck Borehole succession. Within the abundant foraminiferal assemblages can be highlighted the richness and diversity of representatives of the family Archaediscidae. In general, the succession developed in the Archerbeck Borehole is closely comparable with that in the Alston Block of northern England. The Asbian/Brigantian transition mimics that observed in the Janny Wood boundary stratotype section, with clear late Asbian horizons (lower part of the Archerbeck Beds), transitional beds (middle and upper parts of the Archerbeck Beds), and Brigantian limestones (from the Cornet Limestone upwards). The base of the early Brigantian is placed at the base of the Cornet Limestone (equivalent to the Lower Peghorn Limestone in the Alston Block). The base of the late Brigantian is placed at the base of the Gastropod Limestone (equivalent to the Scar Limestone Member in northern England), and the base of the Pendleian is repositioned at the base of the Under Limestone (equivalent to the Four Fathom Limestone Member in northern England). Throughout, the borehole, protista and microfloral elements are abundant, which allows the recognition of Assemblages 4 to 10, previously recognised in northern England and the Midland Valley of Scotland. Furthermore, other local assemblages are recognised and related to palaeoecological controls, although they do not represent any improvement in biostratigraphical resolution.