This chapter reviews and contrasts the clinical and neuropsychological features of transient global amnesia (TGA) and transient epileptic amnesia (TEA). It discusses their pathophysiology and outlines an approach to the management of patients with transient amnesia. Attacks of TGA follow a wide variety of stresses, including strenuous exertion, sexual intercourse, immersion in water, pain and emotive events. Neuropsychological testing during attacks has confirmed that amnesia is much the most striking deficit in TGA, and is often the only impairment. In principle, the patchy impairment of remote memory which affects a high proportion of patients with TEA must have one of three explanations: failure to encode episodes into long-term memory, failure to consolidate and maintain such memories or failure to retrieve memories which have been successfully stored. TGA is a common and clearly defined clinical syndrome the aetiology of which remains obscure. Patients with TEA often benefit from anti-convulsant medication.