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2 results

  • Health Technology Assessment as a template for assessments in laboratory animal science with a focus on phenotyping protocols

  • R Thon, M Ritskes-Hoitinga, H Vondeling
  • Journal:
    Animal Welfare / Volume 19 / Issue 1 / February 2010
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 January 2023, pp. 93-100
    • Article
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  • This study introduces Health Technology Assessment (HTA) — a systematic, evidence-based, multidisciplinary approach to assessing human health technologies, aimed at supporting decision-making in health policy and clinical practice — into laboratory animal science. A conceptual presentation is provided on how the assessment concept of HTA can be adapted to procedures in laboratory animal science (LAS), using phenotyping of mutant mice as an example of how decision-making in this particular setting can be supported. Since a full HTA can be a comprehensive task, a limited version, the Mini-HTA, is introduced, and a proposal for an adapted Mini-HTA form of assessment of phenotyping protocols is presented. It is the conclusion of this study that the principles of HTA could improve the decision-making process, resulting in increased validity of scientific results and animal welfare.

  • 6 - Genetic Influence on Substance Use Disorders

  • from Part III - Biopsychosocial Risk Factors
  • Perry M. Duncan, Old Dominion University, Virginia
  • Book:
    Substance Use Disorders
    Published online:
    18 September 2020
    Print publication:
    17 September 2020, pp 165-212

  • Summary

    The prevalence of an alcohol use disorder is increased four-fold in adopted children whose biological fathers are alcohol-addicted. Studies of twins indicate that about 40-- 60 percent of the causes of SUD come from genetic factors. Inheritable tendencies toward clinical depression, antisocial personality, or other psychiatric conditions contribute to SUD vulnerability, as could certain differences in brain or hormonal function. The genetic factors interact with developmental and other environmental influences to promote addiction. Endophenotypes are specific behaviors or responses closely related to SUD that are useful in the study of genetic factors. DNA analysis reveals specific variations in genes governing the dopamine, GABA, and acetylcholine neurotransmitter systems that are associated with SUD for alcohol, nicotine, and other addictive drugs. No single gene has more than a small effect, but genetic influences on SUD come from varying combinations of many allelic differences. Whole-genome association tests, providing a wider view of genomic differences, will eventually provide a more complete picture of the overall genetic architecture of addiction vulnerability.