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2 results

  • 41 - Two Sides of the Same Coin

  • from Part IV - Diversifying Perspectives in Political Psychology
  • Edited by Danny Osborne, University of Auckland, Chris G. Sibley, University of Auckland
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Political Psychology
    Published online:
    17 February 2022
    Print publication:
    24 February 2022, pp 674-686

  • Summary

    Traditionally, one of the main focuses of political psychology has been to identify the motives, needs, and other deep psychological differences shape ideological differences between liberals and conservatives bottom-up. We review this literature and offer some critique of it. Next, we argue that rather than trying to test how deep psychological differences produce ideological differences, it may be more fruitful to test how liberals’ and conservatives’ support for and opposition to specific political policies depends on how these policies are construed. We propose that this top-down approach not only offers methodological and theoretical advantages, while requiring less theoretical assumptions, but also may have the applied benefit of allowing the field to help opponents understand the reason for their mutual opposition and identify routes to increase cooperation across the ideological divide. This can help political psychology be a force that promotes overcoming partisan polarisation and increasing mutual understanding.

  • When Do Conflicts Feel Right for Prevention-Focused Individuals? The Debiasing Effect of Low Need for Closure

  • Zhi-Xue Zhang, Xin Wei, Melody Manchi Chao, Yi Zheng
  • Journal:
    Management and Organization Review / Volume 13 / Issue 2 / June 2017
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 May 2017, pp. 375-397

  • Both lay beliefs and research findings suggest that people tend to avoid conflicts if interpersonal harmony is highly valued. Counter to this widely accepted convention, we adopt the perspective of motivated social cognition to argue that conflict avoidance is subject to the joint effect of the need for epistemic security (need for closure) and the motivation to prevent losses (prevention focus). Such effect is mediated by negative anticipation towards the consequences of confronting conflicts. Results across three studies indicated that individuals with relatively high need for closure and high prevention focus show the strongest conflict avoidance tendency due to their heightened negative anticipation. However, with low need for closure, the negative anticipation and conflict avoidance tendency of high prevention-focused individuals are weakened or even disappear. This research offers a novel theory about the mechanism of conflict avoidance. The findings about the debiasing role of low need for closure also provide rich implications for conflict resolutions.