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2 results

  • Chapter 14 - Trust and Psychopharmaca:

  • from Part IV - Neuromolecular Level of Trust
  • Edited by Frank Krueger, George Mason University, Virginia
  • Book:
    The Neurobiology of Trust
    Published online:
    09 December 2021
    Print publication:
    16 December 2021, pp 338-368

  • Summary

    Psychopharmacological drug manipulation creates causal mechanisms for selectively stimulating or blocking target neurotransmitter receptors known to modulate brain regions engaged in trust behavior. In this chapter, we review studies that used pharmacological agents to act as neuromodulators in the neural signaling pathway mechanisms underlying trust behavior. First, we describe the laboratory measurements of trust behavior, the underlying domain-general large-scale brain networks, and its related target neurotransmitter systems that probe trust behavior. Second, we review the psychopharmacological studies focusing first on studies that implemented the trust game and second on studies that applied trust ratings after cooperative exchange games. Overall, some preliminary evidence exists that neuromodulators such as opiates, monoamine neurotransmitters (e.g., serotonin, dopamine), and pharmacologic agents such as 3,4-Methyl-enedioxy-methamphetamine increase monoamine neurotransmitter activity and impact trust behavior via experimental paradigms that have face validity in laboratory measures of trust. Finally, we indicate shortcomings in the present psychopharmacological research approach and offer guidance for future interdisciplinary research on the neuropsychoeconomic underpinnings of trust –shedding light on trust impairment as a key feature of several neuropsychiatric disorders.

  • Novel antidepressant drugs: Beyond monoamine targets

  • Xenia Gonda, Peter Dome, Joanna C. Neill, Frank I. Tarazi
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 28 / Issue 1 / February 2023
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    30 September 2021, pp. 6-15
    • Article
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  • Treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD) including treatment-resistant depression (TRD) remains a major unmet need. Although there are several classes of dissimilar antidepressant drugs approved for MDD, the current drugs have either limited efficacy or are associated with undesirable side effects and withdrawal symptoms. The efficacy and side effects of antidepressant drugs are mainly attributed to their actions on different monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine). Development of new antidepressants with novel targets beyond the monoamine pathways may fill the unmet need in treatment of MDD and TRD. The recent approval of intranasal Esketamine (glutamatergic agent) in conjunction with an oral antidepressant for the treatment of adult TRD patients was the first step toward expanding beyond the monoamine targets. Several other glutamatergic (AXS-05, REL-1017, AV-101, SLS-002, AGN24175, and PCN-101) and GABAergic (brexanolone, zuranolone, and ganaxolone) drugs are currently in different stages of clinical development for MDD, TRD and other indications. The renaissance of psychedelic drugs and the emergence of preliminary positive clinical trial results with psilocybin, Ayahuasca, 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) may pave the way towards establishing this class of drugs as effective therapies for MDD, TRD and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Going beyond the monoamine targets appears to be an effective strategy to develop novel antidepressant drugs with superior efficacy, safety, and tolerability for the improved treatment of MDD and TRD.