This chapter provides an overview of an elaborated concept of metamemory and a brief review of literature pertaining to the assessment of it. This elaborated view of metamemory is especially useful when considering developmental issues and clinical concerns (e.g. how memory disorders are developed, supported and remedied). A theoretically coherent elaborated concept of metamemory includes at least four components: declarative knowledge of memory functioning, awareness (or monitoring) of current memory processes, beliefs about memory skills and change, and memory-related affect. The brief review of the Metamemory in Adulthood instrument and literature demonstrates that it is possible to obtain indicators of multiple dimensions of metamemory simultaneously. Important issues of current and future research include: the extent to which dimensions of metamemory interact in determining memory performance, impairment, or decline; and the extent to which dimensions of metamemory may serve as early indicators of progressive memory decline, associated with organic diseases.