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Trauma is the most common cause of nonobstetric mortality worldwide and is most commonly caused by domestic violence, motor vehicle accidents, and falls. Placental abruption and fetomaternal hemorrhage can occur with minor traumas where no major maternal injury is present. Initial management of any trauma should focus on maternal stabilization and resuscitation. Cardiotocography should be initiated as soon as possible and continued for at least 4 hours to monitor fetal well-being and screen for signs of placental abruption. If there are fewer than six contractions per hour and the patient is otherwise stable and asymptomatic, discharge can be considered. If there are six or more contractions per hour, fetal heart rate abnormalities, pain, bleeding, or fundal tenderness are present, the patient should be admitted for 24 hours of monitoring.
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