Using manure as a substitute for commercial fertilizer could potentiallyreduce fertilizer costs and also reduce non-point source pollution.Livestock farmers in Missouri and Iowa were surveyed regarding their manuremanagement practices. Eighty-one percent of turkey farmers versus 5% of beeffarmers transferred manure to other farmers. Fifty-one percent of farmerswho transferred manure indicated it had been tested. Factors decreasingadoption included higher off-farm incomes, solid versus liquid manure, andmore animal units per acre. Factors increasing adoption included distancetransferred, a contract for the manure, payment, and thinking that manuretesting was profitable.