This article examines the distribution of speech
acts based on the word sore ‘sorry’
in Bislama, the creole language spoken in Vanuatu. Three
functions of these “apology” routines are identified
and analyzed within the framework of politeness theory.
Women are shown to use sore more frequently over
all than men; they are also found to use sore
to express empathy with the referent/addressee. Empathy
is expressed in men's speech in other ways. The asymmetric
distribution of sore is shown to make sense, given
wider societal beliefs about and attitudes toward appropriate
behaviors for women and men. Given a strict definition
of a “community of practice,” it is clear that
this shared speech behavior does not mean that women in
this speech community can be said to form a community of
practice. Analyses based on the speech community and intergroup
distinctiveness are more useful in understanding this variation.
This article has benefited from
discussions with other members of the Language and Gender panel
at the 6th ICLASP meeting, University of Ottawa, May 1997,
especially Janet Holmes. Some of the data were also presented at
the Second British Roundtable on Social Theory in Sociolinguistics,
University of Wales, Cardiff, July 1997; discussions there
with Ben Rampton and John Heritage were very helpful. My
early thoughts were shaped in conversations with Herbert
Morris and Gillian Sankoff. None of the aforementioned
necessarily agree with the analysis presented here. Many
thanks to the Wenner-Gren Foundation for their generous
support in the field (#5742).