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2 results

  • Chapter 23 - Embryo reduction in multiple pregnancies

  • Edited by Roy G. Farquharson, University of Liverpool, Mary D. Stephenson, University of Chicago
  • Book:
    Early Pregnancy
    Published online:
    05 October 2010
    Print publication:
    09 September 2010, pp 245-254

  • Summary

    This chapter summarizes the hormonal regulation and molecular bases of endometrial receptivity, its clinical implication and the possible models to study this complex process and to develop functional assays in vitro. Cyclic changes of the endometrium have been well described at the light microscopy level. A large amount of research worldwide has been focused on the problem of finding a specific marker(s) of uterine (endometrial) receptivity-biomarkers that can be useful for the diagnosis and treatment of couples with infertility of endometrial origin. The main techniques used to study the features of the receptive endometrium include microscopy for endometrial morphology, quantitative PCR, in situ hybridization and gene expression microarrays in endometrial biopsy. The ultimate in vitro model to study endometrial receptivity and embryonic implantation would contain all the cell types of the endometrium so that the complex interactions between the maternal tissue and the blastocyst could be characterized.

  • Mammary gland secretion: hormonal coordination of endocytosis and exocytosis

  • S. Truchet, M. Ollivier-Bousquet
  • Journal:
    animal / Volume 3 / Issue 12 / December 2009
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    17 August 2009, pp. 1733-1742
    Print publication:
    December 2009

  • The mammary epithelium coordinates the uptake of milk precursors and the transport of milk components in order to produce milk of relatively constant composition at a particular stage of lactation, as long as the mammary gland is healthy. The mammary epithelial cell controls the uptake of blood-borne molecules at its basal side and the release of products into milk at its apical side, through mechanisms of internalization (endocytosis) and mechanisms of release (exocytosis). These events are strictly dependent on the physiological stage of the mammary gland. This review addresses the mechanisms responsible for these processes and points out new questions that remain to be answered concerning possible interconnections between them, for an optimal milk secretion.