Research connects health outcomes to hazard exposures but often neglects the nature of the exposure or repeated events.

We undertook a cross-sectional study (N = 1,094) from a representative sample in the Houston Metropolitan Statistical Area (HMSA). Respondents were recruited using Qualtrics panels, targeting individuals reflecting the population of the HMSA. Physical composite scores (PCS) were calculated using the SF-12v2.

Among the hazards (hurricanes, flooding, tornadoes, chemical spills, industrial fires), only chemical spills showed a dose-response: physical health scores declined significantly with repeated exposures. This decline persisted after multiple linear regression. Covariates including sex, race, age, education, and chemical exposure affected PCS, but chemical spill exposure remained the most significant, negatively affecting PCS even after adjusting for other factors (coef =–2.24, 95% CI, –3.33 to –1.15).

Grasping the effects of hazards, especially repeated ones, can guide emergency management in mitigation, recovery, and preparedness efforts.

Nursing is highly demanding and stressful profession. Therefore, maintaining and improving psychological wellbeing among nurses seems essential to have a better life satisfaction and a better productivity.

The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between mental health and life satisfaction among nurses.

The study was conducted in a group of active nurses from Hedi Chaker hospital in Sfax- Tunisia. Standardized questionnaires were used, including the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and the satisfaction with life scale (SWLS).

A total of 100 (males = 40; females = 60) nurses participated in this study. The mean age was 50.20 ±7.20 years. The average of job tenure was 25.25 ± 9.70 years. The majority of participants (66.7%) reported having chronic diseases. Rotating shifts work was noted in 72.50% of cases. Average scores for the GHQ-28 and the SWLS were respectively 30.66 ± 11.07 and 21.61± 6.23. The presence of chronic conditions was associated with psychological distress (higher GHQ-28 scores) (p = 0.01). Life satisfaction score was positively correlated with age (r= 0.29, p= 0.023), whereas it was negatively correlated with GHQ-28 scores (r= -0.36, p= 0.01). Low life satisfaction (SWLS scores between 5 and 14) was significantly associated with three domains of the GHQ-28: somatic symptoms (p = 0.008), anxiety (p = 0.001) and social dysfunction (p = 0.01).

According to our study, low life satisfaction was associated with psychological disorder. Hence, nurses need support and subsequent interventions in order to improve psychological wellbeing and life-satisfaction.

No significant relationships.

Total hip replacement is one of the most successful orthopaedic interventions in improving considerably the patients' performance, nevertheless some patients demonstrate declined functional ability following an operation. Such condition is not a consequence of medical illness or the surgery itself but might rather be associated with mental status. The authors conduct an investigation concerning the relation between some psychological and psychiatric factors and their influence on health-related quality of life in patients after total hip replacement.

Into the study group we included 102 subjects undergoing total hip replacement (59 female, 43 male). In all subjects we measured depression (Beck Depression Inventory – BDI), anxiety (State and Trait Anxiety Inventory – STAI), sense of coherence (SOC-29), personality traits (Eysenck Personality Inventory – EPI) and health related quality of life (SF-36).

The postoperative values of the PCS and the MCS for the whole group of patients correlated negatively with the SOC values (p = 0.04 and p = 0.03 respectively). Neuroticism (EPI) and anxiety as a trait (STAI) were also associated with postoperative performance, both in mental (p = 0.03 and p = 0.008 respectively) and physical (p = 0.005 and p = 0.04 respectively terms).

Total hip replacement improves significantly the patient’s health-related quality of life at 6 months after surgery, what is influenced by sense of coherence, neuroticism and anxiety as a trait. Above mentioned factors should be taken into account when rehabilitation and social readaptation processes are planned.

The purpose of the present research was to study the relationship between faith at work and general health among female teachers in the city of Babol.

The present study enjoyed a descriptive correlational design. Statistical population of the research involved all female teachers from Babol city out of which 100 teachers were randomly selected as the research sample. Faith at Work Scale (FWS) and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) were applied to collect data. The data obtained from participants were transferred to SPSS spreadsheet for descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson's correlation coefficient) analyses.

results from correlational matrix showed the maximum correlation between general health and faith in relationship. Based on the significance level obtained from the link between general health and faith in relationship (P=0.000), which seemed to be bigger than that of presented in the table (P=0.05) and its correspondent correlation coefficient of −.367, it could be concluded with 95 % confidence that a significant but negative link existed between general health and faith in relationship. Also, significance level between general health and meaning variable appeared to be higher (P=.073) than the one in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient was -.159. Consequently, we inferred with 95% certainty that general health and meaning showed no significant relationship. Given that the significance level of general health and community variable (P=.008) was lower than that of shown in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient was −.259, a significant negative relationship was observed between the two related factors with 95 confidence. Besides, the value of significance level between general health and holiness was considered to be smaller (P=.047) in comparison with the amount shown in the table (P= 0.05) and its correlation coefficient was confirmed to be −.183. Therefore, with 95% certainty, a meaningful negative link existed between general health and holiness. Eventually, a lower significance level of P=.010 between general health and giving as compared with the one in the table (P=0.05) and its correlation coefficient of -.252 revealed that general health related significantly and negatively to the giving variable with 95% confidence.

results have shown that the link between the score of general health and faith at work (religiosity perspectives) factors seems to be significant and negative.

The present study aimed at examining the relationship between general health and reasons for living factors.

Descriptive correlational method was applied to this study. 100 female teachers were recruited from Babol city randomly as the research sample. Life Orientation Test (LOT) and General Health Questionnaire were tools used to collect data. The data obtained from respondents were transferred to SPSS spreadsheet for descriptive (mean and standard deviation) and inferential (Pearson's correlation coefficient and step wise regression analysis) analyses.

Results from the present research showed a significant relationship between the score of general health and reasons for living factors. Moreover, results of correlation matrix revealed the maximum correlation between general health and moral objections. Based on the smaller value of significance level (P=.021) obtained from the association of general health variable with survival/coping beliefs than that of shown in the table (P=0.05) and the correspondent correlation coefficient of -.223, we concluded with 95% confidence that a significant negative relationship existed between general health and survival/coping beliefs. Also, the amount of significance level of general health and responsibility to family was found to be smaller (P=.029) than the value shown in the table (P= 0.05) and correlation coefficient of -.207 was computed. As a consequence, it could be deduced with 95% certainty that there existed a significant negative link between general health and responsibility to family.

Results from regression analysis have indicated that general health variable can be predicted by reasons for living factors (Survival/Coping Beliefs (SCB), Responsibility to Family (RF), Child-Related Concerns (CRC), Fear of Suicide (FS), Fear of Social Disapproval (FSD) and Moral Objections (MO)). Moral objection, alone and with β= -.300, accounts for 30 percent of variance of general health.

Cancer is a disease that all human beings are afraid of it and anyone, of any age may be affected.

The objectives of this research are relationship between well-being and life expectancy in patients with cancer in Noshahr Shahid Beheshti hospital is the general purpose of this research.

Studying the relationship between happiness, general health and life expectancy of cancer patients.

The method used in this research is descriptive and correlation. Statistical population contains all the patients who were diagnosed with cancer in Shahid Beheshti hospital Noshahr. The panel sampling used as sampling method and the sample size was limited to 50 people.

In order to collect the data, we used Oxford's happiness questionnaire containing 29 multiple-choice phrases, Life expectancy questionnaire by Schneider (1991) and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28). In descriptive review of the collected data the mean, standard deviation and frequency tables were used and in inferentially section in order to determine and compare the obtained scores in these 3 tests, according to the findings, parametric methods were used.

The results show that the correlation between mental health, happiness and life expectancy was significant.

As life expectancy increases accountability; Happiness and mental health in patients with cancer increases by the same amount.

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.

The aim of this study was to compare early maladaptive schemas, emotion regulation and general health in offender prisoner men and normal group men.

The study method was causal – comparative (ex post facto). Participants included two groups: (1) all of offender prisoner men (n = 47) in Fooman jail and (2) normal group men (n = 47) in Fooman. Both groups were matched for age, occupation and education. All of the participants completed Young maladaptive schema questionnaire (Y MSQ), cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire (CERQ-P) and general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) individually. Data were analysed using independent t-test and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

There was significant difference between two groups in total score of early maladaptive schema questionnaire and also in its subscales included abandonment, impaired autonomy/performance, impaired limits, other – directedness, over vigilance/inhibition, emotional inhibition (P < 0/01). The general health was different between groups, too. In addition, while groups showed significant difference in total score of emotion regulation and one of the subscales (rumination), no significant difference was explored between groups in self-blame, acceptance, positive refocusing, planning refocusing, positive re-evaluation, perspective taking, catastrophizing and others blame.

Significant differences between the two groups in terms of general health, schema dimensions and emotional regulation dimensions suggest that dysfunctional schemas, maladaptive emotional strategies and low general health could be involved in criminal behaviour.

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Objective – On a basis of a large study on anxiety disorders and after a relevant literature review (no Italian survey being present in the last ten yrs on the specific topic), our present purpose is to estimate the one-month point-prevalence of panic symptoms in the primary care setting; to evaluate differences existing between patients with and without panic symptomatology. Methods – The sampling involves all consecutive patients visited by a primary care physician every day over four weeks during the recruitment period. Setting Primary care physician's (PCP) waiting-room, with immediate administration of inventories in the waiting room, under direct supervision of one Author (EG). Main outcome measures – Self-administered inventories as GHQ-12, STAI-Y1-Y2, Panic Attack and Anticipatory Scale. Results – Out of 409 subjects attending PCP's office during the recruitment period, 327 gave their oral consensus and 305 completed their assignments, constituting our sample. The 21.3% (65 cases) of our sample has shown panic symptoms in the last month. This subgroup with panic is significantly younger and more educated than the subgroup without panic. Moreover the female to male ratio is 2.6:1. Significant differences had been found in the health perception, which is negatively affected by the presence of panic attacks and by GHQ-12 and STAI-Y1-Y2 total scores. These scores are significantly higher than those from panicless patients. Conclusion – Our survey highlights that at least one of five patients visited by the PCP is on average suffering from panic symptoms. This might be related to the well-known physical components of panic symptomatology, but also to the increasing importance of the involved sub-threshold elements.

Declaration of Interest: no forms of support from any companies. One of the Authors (EG) had one-month fellowship at the University of Murcia relating to present research involvement.

Hierarchical cumulative scales are common and informative in psychology. The General Health Questionnaire (GHQ) does not appear to have been subjected to an analysis that examines the hierarchical and cumulative nature of its items. We report an analysis of data from the 30-item GHQ (GHQ-30) as part of the Health and Lifestyle Survey (HALS).

Data from 6317 participants who completed the GHQ-30 as part of the HALS were analysed using the Mokken Scaling Procedure (MSP), which is a computer program that searches polychotomous data for hierarchical and cumulative scales on the basis of a range of diagnostic criteria.

A final scale consisting of nine items from the GHQ-30 was obtained that, according to the criteria for a Mokken scale, was a reliable and very strong scale. The least difficult item in the scale is ‘been (un)able to face up to your problems?’ and the most difficult item is ‘felt that life isn't worth living?'

Items from the GHQ-30 form a short hierarchical and cumulative scale. The majority of these items also appear in the GHQ-12. The nine-item GHQ shows better distribution properties than the GHQ-30 and compares very favourably with the GHQ-12.