In this chapter we provide an overview of the development of green criminology and focus specifically on a political economic perspective within green criminology that builds on the treadmill of production tradition in environmental sociology and ecological Marxism.This perspective calls for a scientifically grounded harms-based approach that studies green crimes, which are defined as unnecessary ecological disorganization.The treadmill of production framework organizes environmental destruction (or, ecological disorganization) into ecological withdrawals (i.e. the removal of resources from nature) and ecological additions (i.e. pollution).We review green criminological work in these two areas.We next provide an overview of research that links the traditional criminological perspective, social disorganization, to green crimes.We then turn to a discussion of how the treadmill of production impacts nonhuman species.We finish our review of political economic green criminology with some thoughts on the role of non-state actors in the treadmill of production, environmental enforcement and what we call the treadmill of law.

What is Green politics? Ecological thinking can be understood very narrowly, and quite broadly, even in its political manifestations. Like other political ideologies and perspectives, it has things to say across the whole gamut of issues facing society and though there are elements of feminism, pacifism and anarchism in Green political theory, it has its own identity and intellectual heritage and, I argue, a coherent set of critiques, visions and strategies for achieving them in global politics. Despite some of the core areas of consensus around which most Greens would converge, there is a wide spectrum of positions that sit under the broad umbrella of Green politics and many tensions and areas of disagreement amongst them. The term covers a spectrum of sometimes competing perspectives over values, politics and strategy. Here I provide a brief typology of different strands of Green political thinking.