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1 results

  • Chapter 33 - Myofascial Pain Syndrome

  • from Part VI - Misc
  • Edited by Omar Viswanath, Creighton University, Omaha, Ivan Urits, Southcoast Brain & Spine Center, Wareham
  • Book:
    Cambridge Handbook of Pain Medicine
    Published online:
    01 December 2023
    Print publication:
    14 December 2023, pp 261-278

  • Summary

    Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is characterized by localized, taut regions comprising of skeletal muscle and fascia, termed trigger points and is an increasingly prevalent complaint. Pharmacologic interventions with evidence to support their use in MPS include muscle relaxants such as benzodiazepines, tizanidine, and cyclobenzaprine; TCAs; topical agents such as diclofenac gel and lidocaine patches; and injection therapy of botulinum toxin or lidocaine. MPS is poorly understood and remains a challenging condition to treat. Nonpharmacologic treatment modalities such as acupuncture, massage, transcutaneous electrical stimulation, and interferential current therapy may offer relief to some patients with MPS. Additional studies are warranted to get a better understanding of managing myofascial pain.