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  • 7 - Byzantine and Umayyad Egypt

  • Edited by Jane L. Rowlandson, King's College London, Roger S. Bagnall, Institute for the Study of the Ancient World, New York, Dorothy J. Thompson, Girton College, Cambridge
  • With contributions by Jelle Bruning , W. Graham Claytor , Jennifer Cromwell , Christopher J. Eyre , Brian P. Muhs , Sarah J. Pearce and Christopher J. Tuplin
  • Book:
    Slavery and Dependence in Ancient Egypt
    Published online:
    01 March 2024
    Print publication:
    21 March 2024, pp 343-431

  • Summary

    Covering late antique Egypt into the period of Arab rule, this chapter introduces documents and literary texts translated from Greek, Coptic, and Arabic. In the countryside, coloni joined slaves and dependents at work on the great estates of Byzantine Egypt, while in the cities slavery continued as before. Coptic literature from the same period introduces servitude within Christian monasteries. The writings of Shenoute and Gnostic texts regularly employ the vocabulary of slavery in a negative sense. The trade, employment, and emancipation of slaves continued. Conscripted labour is also documented. Children and adults donated to monasteries represent a new form of sacred servitude. With the Arab conquest of Egypt, war and raiding resurface as important sources of slaves. Nubia and the Near East were again key areas for their acquisition, and slaves are illustrated as active in most areas of life and integrated into the religious life of their owners’ households.