“Decades ago, the rehabilitation model emerged as an innovative tool for planning services and clarifying clients’ goals. Central to the model are disadvantages. Yoman and Edelstein (1994) defined disadvantages in terms of the relationship between clients’ performance and environmental demands. This definition of disadvantage incorporates social constraints such as discrimination and is consistent with the biopsychosocial model of disability. Defining disadvantage this way is also highly compatible with behavioral assessment, and readily yields skills training and advocacy/support goals to improve the client’s quality of life. Viewed from a present day perspective, the rehabilitation model played an important historical role, in part as a transition from the medical model to the recovery model. It continues to be relevant today. As alluded to above, many of the disadvantages people with serious mental illnesses face are systemic, and held in common across many individuals. This chapter will describe the implications of the rehabilitation model for addressing both individual and systemic disadvantages. With a view toward the future, the chapter will show how the rehabilitation model can be reconciled with the recovery model, and how it can be used to continue to improve services for those with serious mental illnesses.”