Introduction. The conservation status of many wild fruit tree species that
support rural people in Africa remains poorly documented despite its importance for their
management. We compared the viability of tamarind (Tamarindus indica)
populations, a dry land species that has nutritional, medicinal and cultural importance
for rural communities, under different human-pressure levels. Materials and
methods. The data relative to the tree diameter and height as well as the number
of adults and stems were collected in plots of inventory and made it possible to calculate
the dendrometric parameters for each targeted population, and to establish their diameter
distribution. The dendrometric characteristics were analyzed by using nonparametric tests
and the diameter distribution was adjusted to a truncated normal distribution.
Results and discussion. Numbers of mature tamarind trees per hectare and
regeneration (expressed as stem·ha–1) were relatively low, suggesting tamarind
populations may not be self-rejuvenating. Nonetheless, significant variation occurred
between habitat types (P < 0.001). Mature tree density in gallery
forests [(18.2 ± 10.1) trees·ha–1] was three to eight times higher than that of
savannah woodlands [(5 ± 4.5) trees·ha–1] and farmlands
[(2.5 ± 0.4) trees·ha–1]. Young plants followed the same trend, with
(11.2 ± 9.3) plants·ha–1, (1.1 ± 0.6) plants·ha–1, and
0.00 plants·ha–1, respectively. Diameter size class distributions departed
from normality (P < 0.0001) and coefficient of skewness was
positive irrespective of habitat type, indicating declining populations. However, median
diameter values would suggest the species’ populations in farmlands and savannah woodlands
to be more vulnerable than those occurring in gallery forests. These findings would
suggest that gallery forests best suit tamarind in situ conservation. The
observed severe reduction of trees and juveniles in farmlands and woodlands may negatively
impact the long-term viability of tamarind populations. Juveniles’ introduction into
farmlands may be needed to ensure conservation in agroforestry systems.