This chapter details the process of examining human rights claims by international bodies. It covers the burden of proof, sources of evidence, free evaluation of evidence, framing of legal disputes, friendly settlements, and provisional measures, highlighting the procedural aspects and powers of international bodies in handling claims. The chapter examines the standards of proof, the methods of gathering and assessing evidence, and the procedures for resolving disputes. It also discusses the role of provisional measures in protecting human rights during the examination process and the importance of ensuring fairness and transparency in international human rights litigation.

The introduction chapter lays the groundwork for understanding the intricate relationship between Congress and information acquisition, particularly through committee hearings and witness testimonies. Highlighting the pivotal role of information in shaping legislative decisions, the chapter probes into the challenges faced by Congress in navigating the complex landscape of external expertise within a politically charged environment. The chapter delves into the critical questions driving the book’s exploration: How does Congress acquire information, and what factors influence the selection and content of information provided by external witnesses? It introduces the overarching themes of partisan incentives, institutional conditions, and the strategic nature of information acquisition, aiming to dissect their impact on legislative processes. By providing a comprehensive overview of the book’s scope, methodology, and key theoretical insights, the introduction sets the tone for a deep dive into the dynamics of congressional information-seeking behavior.