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3 results

  • 27 - Translation in the First Millennium

  • from Part VI - Translation in History
  • Edited by Kirsten Malmkjær, University of Leicester
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Handbook of Translation
    Published online:
    10 March 2022
    Print publication:
    17 March 2022, pp 537-555

  • Summary

    Chapter 27 covers the period from the beginning of the Christian Era to the advent of the Renaissance. The Eastern Roman and Byzantine, (Holy) Roman, Umayyad and Abbasid as well as Chinese empires, in addition to the Indian subcontinent, documented translation and interpreting activity during the millennium when expansionist empires and kingdoms rose and fell, and Silk Road trade flourished. Classical Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit and Arabic texts were revered and much translated, as were the texts of two religions founded during the period, Christianity and Islam. The Chinese invented the fabrication of paper early in the second century, which reduced the cost of producing translations.

  • “Adhering to the Community” (Luzūm al-Jamāʿa): Continuities between late Umayyad Political Discourse and “Proto-Sunni” Identity1

  • Abbas Barzegar
  • Journal:
    Review of Middle East Studies / Volume 49 / Issue 2 / August 2015
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    18 May 2016, pp. 140-158
    Print publication:
    August 2015

  • This article addresses the early formation of Sunni “orthodoxy” through the prisms of historical memory and collective identity rather than those of theology, law, and formal political power.2 It does so by exploring the socio-political context in which the phrase luzūm al-jamāʿa3 (adhering to the community) was deployed during the late Umayyad/Marwanid (64/684–132/750) and early Abbasid (132/750–333/945) periods, primarily among the networks of hadith transmitters who circulated the idea during that period. The results of this analysis reveal that ideas central to Sunni conceptions of community first developed in Umayyad patronage structures and networks, before being adopted by the so-called “proto-Sunni” elite.