In the late 1960s, a spotlight cast upon some of the CIA’s more questionable activities in the subcontinent had a profound and enduring impact on Indian perceptions of the United States’ government and its external intelligence service. In the wake of the Ramparts scandal, the CIA came to occupy a prominent place in mainstream Indo–U.S. cultural and political discourse. For the remainder of the twentieth-century, and beyond, anti-American elements in India drew repeatedly upon the spectre of CIA subversion as a means of undermining New Delhi’s relationship with Washington. The blanket exposure given by the world’s press to CIA indiscretions, exemplified by the international media circus surrounding Congressional probes into the U.S. intelligence community, made a deep psychological impression in South Asia. This chapter traces the socio-political impact of Indira Gandhi’s assertions that the malevolent hand of the CIA lay behind India’s problems, foreign and domestic. It recovers South Asian agency in intelligence terms by interrogating the utility of Gandhi’s policy of exploiting the CIA’s reputation as a socio-political malefactor to court popular legitimacy.

The movement of people and ideas from north to south and the renewal of trade with Egypt instigated a revival of settlement in the Levant, first along the coast and valleys, then in the highlands. Fortified ritual centers become foci of integrated polities with flourishing crafts, marking the high-water mark of second millennium Canaanite culture.

The movement of people and ideas from north to south and the renewal of trade with Egypt instigated a revival of settlement in the Levant, first along the coast and valleys, then in the highlands. Fortified ritual centers become foci of integrated polities with flourishing crafts, marking the high-water mark of second millennium Canaanite culture.