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2 results

  • Chapter 41 - Cardiac123I-MIBG scintigraphic findings and REM sleep behavior disorder

  • from Section 5 - Neuroimaging of sleep disorders
  • Edited by Eric Nofzinger, University of Pittsburgh, Pierre Maquet, Université de Liège, Belgium, Michael J. Thorpy
  • Book:
    Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders
    Published online:
    05 March 2013
    Print publication:
    07 March 2013, pp 333-339

  • Summary

    A recent double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated the effect of modafinil on cortical excitability in narcolepsy by means of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and explored the relation between these TMS measures and conventional measures of sleepiness. Electroencephalographic (EEG) low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (LORETA) was developed in order to identify brain regions that are involved in neuropsychiatric disorders and are the targets of therapeutic drug action. Modafinil did not influence thymopsychic variables in narcolepsy, but it significantly improved cognitive performance, which may be related to medial prefrontal activity processes identified by LORETA. To bridge the currently wide gap between the neurotransmitter and the behavioral level and to improve temporal resolution up to the millisecond level, it may be useful to study the individual components of event-related brain potentials (ERPs). The ERP study revealed significantly shortened N2 and P300 latencies under modafinil compared with placebo, which reflects an improvement of information processing speed.

  • Screening for psychological distress in two French cancer centers: Feasibility and performance of the adapted distress thermometer

  • Sylvie Dolbeault, Anne Bredart, Véronique Mignot, Patrick Hardy, Annie Gauvain-Piquard, Laurence Mandereau, Bernard Asselain, Jacques Medioni
  • Journal:
    Palliative & Supportive Care / Volume 6 / Issue 2 / June 2008
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    23 May 2008, pp. 107-117
  • Objective:

    Little is known about the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in French cancer patients. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of a screening procedure using the Psychological Distress Scale (PDS). The PDS is a French adaptation of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer. The screening performance of the PDS was assessed by comparison with the established clinical case threshold on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).

    Methods:

    Among 598 consecutive cancer outpatients recruited in two cancer centers in Paris, 561 (94%) agreed to complete the PDS, the HADS, the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer core quality of life questionnaire (EORTC QLQ-C30), and study-specific psychosocial questions.

    Results:

    A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed, using a HADS cutoff score of 15 or greater to identify patients with psychological distress. This yielded a PDS cutoff score of 3, giving 76% sensitivity and 82% specificity. With this cutoff score, the prevalence of psychological distress was 38%. PDS scores were significantly related to scores from the HAD total scale (r = .64), HAD anxiety (r = .61) and HAD depression (r = .39) subscales, and EORTC QLQ-C30 emotional functioning (r = .56) and global health state (r = .44). In multivariate analyses, factors associated with psychological distress were female gender, taking analgesics, receiving professional psychological help, perceived psychosocial difficulties and lack of social support.

    Significance of results:

    Using the PDS appeared feasible, acceptable and effective for psychological distress screening in French ambulatory cancer care settings.