Legal regulation dedicated to advance directives (ADs) do not yet exist in Turkey. However, the Patient’s Rights Regulation (1998), Convention on Human Rights and Biomedicine (2003) and professional guidance issued by several professional medical societies provide broad ethical and legal underpinning for advance care planning and emphasise the importance of taking into consideration a patient’s previously expressed wishes. Although these regulatory approaches have force, they have not been entirely harmonised in the jurisdiction. Thus, there is a need to legislate living wills and ADs based on human rights and dignity, which will help develop a more patient-centred healthcare, diminish paternalism and enhance patient–physician–relative interactions on the basis of trust, balancing patient autonomy in a pluralistic vein and honouring dying in dignity. This chapter considers ADs in Turkey, beginning with a consideration of the possible legal bases for such directives. It then explores the relevant professional guidance from medical associations, as well as empirical data relating to the level of awareness of ADs amongst patients and healthcare professionals. The sociocultural factors that pose potential obstacles to the introduction and implementation of ADs in Turkey are also discussed, and the chapter concludes with some thoughts about the way forward.