Let ξ be a random measure on a locally compact second countable topological group, and let X be a random element in a measurable space on which the group acts. In the compact case we give a natural definition of the concept that the origin is a typical location for X in the mass of ξ, and prove that when this holds, the same is true on sets placed uniformly at random around the origin. This new result motivates an extension of the concept of typicality to the locally compact case where it coincides with the concept of mass-stationarity. We describe recent developments in Palm theory where these ideas play a central role.

For functionals of multitype closed queueing networks, a conditional job-observer property is shown which provides more insight into the classical job-observer property. Applications and examples are given, including the classical job-observer property for the number of customers in a network, a representation of cycle time distributions and a basic formula for sojourn times.

Daley and Vesilo (1997) introduced long-range count dependence (LRcD) for stationary point processes on the real line as a natural augmentation of the classical long-range dependence of the corresponding interpoint sequence. They studied LRcD for some renewal processes and some output processes of queueing systems, continuing the previous research on such processes of Daley (1968), (1975). Subsequently, Daley (1999) showed that a necessary and sufficient condition for a stationary renewal process to be LRcD is that under its Palm measure the generic lifetime distribution has infinite second moment. We show that point processes dominating, in a sense of stochastic ordering, LRcD point processes are LRcD, and as a corollary we obtain that for arbitrary stationary point processes with finite intensity a sufficient condition for LRcD is that under Palm measure the interpoint distances are positively dependent (associated) with infinite second moment. We give many examples of LRcD point processes, among them exchangeable, cluster, moving average, Wold, semi-Markov processes and some examples of LRcD point processes with finite second Palm moment of interpoint distances. These examples show that, in general, the condition of infiniteness of the second moment is not necessary for LRcD. It is an open question whether the infinite second Palm moment of interpoint distances suffices to make a stationary point process LRcD.

We use the fact that the Palm measure of a stationary random measure is invariant to phase space change to generalize the light traffic formula initially obtained for stationary processes on a line to general spaces. This formula gives a first-order expansion for the expectation of a functional of the random measure when its intensity vanishes. This generalization leads to new algorithms for estimating gradients of functionals of geometrical random processes.

This paper is a sequel to our previous paper investigating when arrivals see time averages (ASTA) in a stochastic model; i.e., when the steady-state distribution of an embedded sequence, obtained by observing a continuous-time stochastic process just prior to the points (arrivals) of an associated point process, coincides with the steady-state distribution of the observed process. The relation between the two distributions was also characterized when ASTA does not hold. These results were obtained using the conditional intensity of the point process given the present state of the observed process (assumed to be well defined) and basic properties of Riemann–Stieltjes integrals. Here similar results are obtained using the stochastic intensity associated with the martingale theory of point processes, as in Brémaud (1981). In the martingale framework, the ASTA result is almost an immediate consequence of the definition of a stochastic intensity. In a stationary framework, the results characterize the Palm distribution, but stationarity is not assumed here. Watanabe's (1964) martingale characterization of a Poisson process is also applied to establish a general version of anti–PASTA: if the points of the point process are appropriately generated by the observed process and the observed process is Markov with left-continuous sample paths, then ASTA implies that the point process must be Poisson.

Using the theory of point processes, we give a formal treatment to queueing processes in the steady state. Based on this result, we obtain invariance relations between several quantities in G/G/c queues. As applications, the finiteness of their moments is discussed for G/G′/c queues. The basic results and notations used in this paper are contained in the author's previous paper (Miyazawa (1977)).