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2 results

  • Chapter 13 - Plutarch and the Barbarian “Other”

  • Edited by Frances B. Titchener, Utah State University, Alexei V. Zadorojnyi, University of Liverpool
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Plutarch
    Published online:
    29 June 2023
    Print publication:
    13 July 2023, pp 261-281

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the depictions of the barbarians, and indeed the very concept barbaros, in Plutarch’s works. It reviews Plutarch’s rhetoric dealing with non-Greeks, which was circumscribed on the one hand by the Roman imperial political reality and on the other by memories of the old Hellenic valor, which was filtered only through texts and oratory. The chapter examines Plutarch’s play with the established stereotypes in a way that shows ethnic labeling to be elusive. It studies Plutarch’s ethnic taxonomic schemes (i.e. a twofold arrangement of barbarians vs. Greeks/Romans and a threefold scheme of Greeks vs. Romans vs. barbarians), and the subtle moral and political implications thereof. It also looks into the literary significance of the use of barbarians in the narrative and of the mismatch between Greek and barbarian practices as presented mostly in the Lives.

  • 3 - Cicero and the New Academy

  • from I - Philosophy in the later Roman Empire
  • Edited by Lloyd P. Gerson, University of Toronto
  • Book:
    The Cambridge History of Philosophy in Late Antiquity
    Published online:
    28 May 2011
    Print publication:
    01 January 2000, pp 39-62

  • Summary

    If one follows the presentation that Cicero gives in Lucullus, which expresses the view of the New Academy, although it is not always possible for us to trace which exact sources Cicero is using with the requisite precision, the history of the Academy can be summarized. By identifying himself as someone whose philosophical position and development can be compared to that of Antiochus, Cicero ceases, at least for a few moments, to be the Roman who wishes merely to instruct his compatriots, and he treats the problem of the adherence to a particular philosophical doctrine as one which concerns him personally. This chapter addresses three difficulties Cicero faced in text Catulus or Academica Priora I and Lucullus or Academica Priora II for the first version; Libri Academici I, Academica Posteriora I, or Varro for the second version: the circumstances of composition, the role of the characters and the theses presented in the text, and the relation between gnoseology and doxography.