Although not all Malays in early nineteenth-century Ceylon were associated with the military, as many as 75 percent of Malays served as soldiers in the British colonial army under Governor North. And while this figure was reduced later in the century, the ethos of, and attachment to, military culture remained central to Malay life for at least several decades after the Malay Regiment was disbanded in 1873. Taking this phenomenon as its starting point, this chapter focuses on Malay military affiliation and its links and overlaps with the Malays’ literary culture, including modes of writing as evident in letters, family diaries and manuscript colophons, practices of copying, inscribing, and professing humility, and the role of soldiers in the production and preservation of texts. In addition, the chapter considers perceptions of the Malays as formulated and reflected in writings of the period in Dutch, English, Malay and Sinhala, representing diverse perspectives on Malay life and martial experiences in Ceylon. Finally, the chapter asks how exploring pivotal episodes in Ceylon’s military history – colonialism, the Kandy Wars, the transition between empires – from a Malay vantage point affects the ways this history can be understood.