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2 results

  • 6 - Phase Transitions

  • from Part II - Phenomenology
  • Jean-Philippe Ansermet, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Sylvain D. Brechet, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  • Book:
    Principles of Thermodynamics
    Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019, pp 129-165

  • Summary

    The stability of a system is discussed in terms of the curvature of entropy as a function of internal energy and volume, then in terms of internal energy as a function of entropy and volume. Global and local conditions are given. The most difficult mathematical developments are differed to worked solutions and exercices. This analysis introduces the notion that phase diagrams may contain regions where distinct phases coexist. The slope of phase coexistence lines are deduced from thermodynamic principles and give the Clausius-Clapeyron formula. Equilibrium between coexisting phases is shown to imply the Gibbs phase rule which gives the number of degrees of freedom of a system in terms of the number of substances and phases present in the system. The van der Waals equation of state is discussed. In the worked solutions, a model is presented for a concrete case of phase coexistence, and observations from every day life are analysed, such as the melting temperature of salt water or the gas pressure of a bottle containing liquid in which gas is dissolved.

Principles of Thermodynamics
  • Jean-Philippe Ansermet, Sylvain D. Brechet
  • Published online:
    14 December 2018
    Print publication:
    03 January 2019
  • In this introductory textbook, thermodynamics is presented as a natural extension of mechanics, so that the laws and concepts learned in mechanics serve to get acquainted with the theory. The foundations of thermodynamics are presented in the first part. The second part covers a wide range of applications, which are of central importance in the fields of physics, chemistry and engineering, including calorimetry, phase transitions, heat engines and chemical reactions. In the third part, devoted to continuous media, Fourier and Fick's laws, diffusion equations and many transport effects are derived using a unified approach. Each chapter concludes with a selection of worked examples and several exercises, to reinforce key concepts under discussion. A full solutions manual is available at the end of the book. It contains more than 150 problems based on contemporary issues faced by scientists and engineers that are solved in detail for undergraduate and graduate students.