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2 results

  • Altered brain functional networks in Internet gaming disorder: independent component and graph theoretical analysis under a probability discounting task

  • Ziliang Wang, Xiaoyue Liu, Yanbo Hu, Hui Zheng, Xiaoxia Du, Guangheng Dong
  • Journal:
    CNS Spectrums / Volume 24 / Issue 5 / October 2019
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    10 April 2019, pp. 544-556
  • Objectives

    Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is becoming a matter of concern around the world. However, the neural mechanism underlying IGD remains unclear. The purpose of this paper is to explore the differences between the neuronal network of IGD participants and that of recreational Internet game users (RGU).

    Methods

    Imaging and behavioral data were collected from 18 IGD participants and 20 RGU under a probability discounting task. The independent component analysis (ICA) and graph theoretical analysis (GTA) were used to analyze the data.

    Results

    Behavioral results showed the IGD participants, compared to RGU, prefer risky options to the fixed ones and spent less time in making risky decisions. In imaging results, the ICA analysis revealed that the IGD participants showed stronger functional connectivity (FC) in reward circuits and executive control network, as well as lower FC in anterior salience network (ASN) than RGU; for the GTA results, the IGD participants showed impaired FC in reward circuits and ASN when compared with RGU.

    Conclusions

    These results suggest that IGD participants were more sensitive to rewards, and they were more impulsive in decision-making as they could not control their impulsivity effectively. This might explain why IGD participants cannot stop their gaming behaviors even when facing severe negative consequences.

  • Influence of Crystallographic Texture on Young's Modulus of Various Alloy 82H Welds

  • Steven R. Claves, William J. Mills
  • Journal:
    Microscopy and Microanalysis / Volume 17 / Issue 3 / June 2011
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    08 April 2011, pp. 341-349
    Print publication:
    June 2011

  • Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was employed to analyze the microstructure and texture of four different Alloy 82H gas tungsten arc welds that previously underwent static and dynamic modulus testing. The Young's moduli were shown to differ among the various welds, but also within each weld, dependent upon the direction measured. These differences were attributed to anisotropy of the crystallographic textures, which were described using inverse pole figures with respect to each of the weld's three orthogonal axes. The Young's modulus demonstrated a strong correlation with the texture, consistent with single crystal experiments. Sample directions containing a large population of {100} orientations had the lowest Young's modulus, while those with {111} grains possessed the highest. Microstructures with {110} textures were closer to the average modulus value of 207 GPa (30.0 Msi). X-ray diffraction texture measurements on four samples were used to verify the EBSD results.