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4 results

  • 4 - The Appearance of Eukaryotic Microalgae

  • from Part I - Origins and Consequences of Early Photosynthetic Organisms
  • Edited by Mario Giordano, Università degli Studi di Ancona, Italy, John Beardall, Monash University, Victoria, John A. Raven, University of Dundee, Stephen C. Maberly, UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
  • Book:
    Evolutionary Physiology of Algae and Aquatic Plants
    Published online:
    24 October 2024
    Print publication:
    07 November 2024, pp 65-79

  • Summary

    Microalgae, with cyanobacteria, are the major primary producers in aquatic, predominantly marine, ecosystems, contributing to the biogeochemical cycling of multiple elements despite their small instantaneous biomass. Their evolutionary history revealed by genomic analyses has shown a complex past that produces a polyphyletic group including organisms that have undergone primary, secondary and tertiary chloroplast endosymbiosis with genetic integration and also horizontal gene transfer. All but one genus of photosynthetic eukaryotes arose by endosymbiosis of a gloeomargarita-like β-cyanobacterium in a eukaryote with the retention of some genes in the plastid, the transfer of more genes to the eukaryote nucleus, and the loss of many others, to produce the Archaeplastida. A second, much later, endosymbiosis of an α-cyanobacterium in a euglyphid amoeba yielded Paulinella. The diversification of the Archaeplastida yielded Glaucophyta, Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta and Streptophyta. Secondary endosymbiosis of red algae in eukaryotes led to microalgae of the ‘red line’, that is, photosynthetic Ochrista (= stramenopiles), Haptophyta, Cryptophyta and Alveolata (dinoflagellates and chromerids). Secondary endosymbiosis of chlorophyte algae in eukaryotes yielded microalgae of the Chlorarachniophyta and Euglenophyta. The ‘red line’ of secondary endosymbionts are dominant marine phytoplankton, possibly related to the occurrence of chlorophyll c that has high absorbance of blue light that dominates in deep ocean waters.

  • Patterns of major photosynthetic pigments in freshwater algae. 2. Dinophyta, Euglenophyta, Chlorophyceae and Charales

  • M. Schagerl, C. Pichler, Karl Donabaum
  • Journal:
    Annales de Limnologie - International Journal of Limnology / Volume 39 / Issue 1 / March 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    15 March 2009, pp. 49-62
    Print publication:
    March 2003

  • Major pigment patterns of 18 chlorophyceae, 7 charales, 4 euglenophyta, and 2 dinophyta isolated from freshwater ecosystems, were investigated by means of HPLC. In this study, quantitative results are presented, too, which are capable for phytoplankton quantification techniques based on pigment patterns. Chlorophyceae revealed a pattern similar to that of higher plants, but in some strains, loroxanthin as well as α-carotene were present. In charophytes, except for vegetative specimens of Chara tomentosa, γ-carotene was detected in antheridia only. Among investigated freshwater euglenophytes diadinoxanthin was the major carotenoid, with neoxanthin and ß-carotene present in minor amounts. Besides chlorophylls-a and -c, dinophytes contained high quantities of peridinin, whereas fucoxanthin was absent. An unknown component eluting just before violaxanthin showed a spectrum reminding of peridinin.