In organ transplantation, there is a lack of ethical discussion about the recipient’s right not to receive a transplant. Using the current situation of living organ transplantation and deceased organ transplantation in Japan as an example, we prospectively discussed to what extent the recipient’s right not to receive a transplant is ethically acceptable. In directed transplantation from a living donor, a recipient may refuse organ donation from a particular donor. It is preferable that a recipient’s request for organ donation from a donor occurs as part of a transparent process. In nondirected transplantation from a deceased donor, refusal of transplantation from a particular type of donor appears potentially justifiable. There are both moral and pragmatic considerations. Certain refusals based solely on belief are morally unacceptable, and refusal to transplant a recipient based on the donor’s age jeopardizes the entire transplant system. When religious beliefs affect mental and physical health, individualized measures are required for transplant rejection. We also deductively developed a prospective argument based on the current status of donor–recipient communication in living organ transplantation in Japan and the 2010 amendment of the law allowing relatives to be given priority in organ transplantation from deceased donors.

In this paper, the effect of hot spots movement by accretor surface on the appearance of bolometric light curves for two types of polars - synchronous V808 Aur and asynchronous CD Ind is studied. The analysis was carried out under the assumption of a dipole configuration of the magnetic field, in which the axis of the dipole passes through the accretor center. It is shown that a noticeable shift of the flow maximum at the light curve corresponding to the position of the spots in synchronous polars is determined by a change in the magnitude of mass transfer rate. At the same time, the maximum deviation of the spots from the magnetic poles was 30°. In asynchronous polars, assuming a constant of the mass transfer rate, the spots movement caused by a change in the orientation of the dipole axis relative to the donor has a significant effect on the appearance of light curve. The greatest displacement of the spots from the magnetic poles, which equals to 20°, was observed at the moments when the accretion jet switched from one pole to the other. It is concluded that the comparison of synthetic and observational light curves provides an opportunity to study the physical properties of polars.

The introduction of foetoscopic laser photocoagulation has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with severe twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome. We present the case of a donor who exhibited right-heart failure with a high echoic wall change of the right ventricle after the foetoscopic laser photocoagulation procedure. The prenatal and 1-year postnatal follow-up revealed the gradual recovery of the right ventricular function.

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) measurement based on partial acceptor photobleaching (PbFRET) is easy to implement without external references. However, the current PbFRET methods are inapplicable to the construct with multiple acceptors, which largely increase the Förster distance. Here, we proposed a linear theory for the dependence of the acceptor photobleaching probability of construct with multiple acceptors on the photobleaching degree (x) and developed a multiple acceptors PbFRET method (Ma-PbFRET) to measure the FRET efficiency of construct with multiple acceptors (n) by measuring the fluorescence intensities of both donor and acceptor channels before and after acceptor photobleaching. The Ma-PbFRET method was validated by measuring the FRET efficiency of construct with two or three acceptors under different x in living cells. Our experimental results demonstrate that the Ma-PbFRET method is capable of exactly quantifying the FRET efficiency of construct with multiple acceptors, providing a simple and powerful tool to investigate the assembly/disassembly of biomolecular complexes with larger distance in living cells.

Despite growing discussion of the potential benefits of openness in relation to children conceived by donated gametes, the majority of parents do not intend to tell a future child about his/her origins. As a result little is actually known about the experiences and concerns of families who do choose openness. This is a descriptive study of 83 DI Network members who did intend to or had told a child conceived, using donor insemination, about his/her origins. Quantitative and qualitative data focused on their concerns and experiences of telling. Health professionals face the challenge of providing the opportunity for discussion of these issues both before treatment and afterwards during childhood.