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2 results

  • 5 - Linear Transformations and z-Scores

  • Russell T. Warne, Utah Valley University
  • Book:
    Statistics for the Social Sciences
    Published online:
    24 December 2020
    Print publication:
    17 December 2020, pp 104-127

  • Summary

    Chapter 5 teaches how data analysts can change the scale of a distribution by performing a linear transformation, which is the process of adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing the data by a constant. Adding and subtracting a constant will change the mean of a variable, but not its standard deviation or variance. Multiplying and dividing by a constant will change the mean, the standard deviation, and the variance of a dataset. A table shows students shows how linear transformations change the values of models of central tendency and variability. One special linear transformation is the z-score. All z-score values have a mean of 0 and a standard deviation of 1. Putting datasets on a common scale permits comparisons across different units. But linear transformations, like the z-score transformation, force the data to have the desired mean and standard deviation. Yet, they do not change the shape of the distribution – only its scale. Indeed, all scales are arbitrary, and scientists can use linear transformations to give their data any mean and standard deviation they choose.

  • Standard Magnetic Field Production at Huairou Solar Observing Station

  • Suo Liu, Ganghua Lin, Xiao Yang, Xiaofan Wang, Jiangtao Su, Yuanyong Deng
  • Journal:
    Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 13 / Issue S340 / February 2018
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    27 November 2018, pp. 49-50
    Print publication:
    February 2018
    • Article
      • You have access
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  • The regular solar observations are operated at Huairou Solar Observing Station (HSOS) since 1987, which make the construction of long-term magnetic field datasets available to understand solar magnetic field and cycles. There exist some inconveniences for solar physicist to use these data, because the data storage medium and format at HSOS experienced some changes. Additionally, the processes of magnetic field calibration are not easy to deal with for who are not familiar with these data. Here shows that the magnetic field of HSOS are further processed toward international standards, in order to explore HSOS observations data for scientific research.