This chapter, which serves as a conclusion, aims to tighten the strands linking the wide spectrum of international and domestic legal instruments discussed in the book. The chapter notes that the relationship between economic crime and atrocity crime may open opportunities to achieve accountability where the economic crime route is open while other routes are effectively blocked. After providing an account of the efforts to secure Charles Taylor’s assets in the context of his trial before the Special Court for Sierra Leone, the chapter proceeds to offer ideas for the way forward via the economic crime and other routes.

When the protracted Syrian conflict eventually comes to an end and transitional justice in its many manifestations is properly operationalized, a test case for the prosecution of economic actors under international criminal law may emerge. The evidence of international crimes in Syria has been documented and subjected to scrutiny and analysis since the start of the conflict in 2011, by the United Nations, non-governmental organizations, and domestic investigative bodies. This chapter examines investigative approaches towards uncovering the role of economic actors alleged to have facilitated international crimes attributed to the Syrian regime. The work of the Commission for International Justice and Accountability (CIJA) and the limitations of the CIJA model in investigating international crimes of an economic nature are first explained before outlining the applicable jurisprudential framework with reference to customary international law. The chapter proceeds to examine how economic actors who are engaged in activities in Syria during the conflict might be held to account in law where they are suspected of the perpetration of core international crimes.