Initial findings are reported from a study of Exhyalanthrax spp. (Diptera, Bombyliidae) and Chrestomutilla spp. (Hymenoptera, Mutillidae) parasitic on tsetse pupae, with a view to their use as control agents. The behaviour of bombyliids in the field and in cages is described and related to problems encountered in laboratory rearing. Limited progress is also reported in the breeding of mutillids. Prospects for the application of pupal parasites in biological and integrated control of tsetse are discussed.