This chapter presents a description of chronic traumatization and its effects, over many generations, and in many different forms, for Australian Aboriginal peoples. It highlights an issue critical for the whole field of debriefing, that of prolonged traumatization and the impacts of disadvantage and other socially determined pervasive trauma and loss. Repeated traumatization and enduring traumatic stress responses are thought to potentiate the impact of subsequent traumatic events and also prolong recovery from the initial trauma. The quality of care offered by state mental health services has been crucial for Aboriginal Australians, since accessibility to other services has been restrained by financial and, for rural and remote dwellers, geographical considerations. Australian Aboriginal people are well aware that recovery from acute, chronic and collective traumatization defies a wholesale remedy and cannot be adequately addressed by any short-term methods.