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2 results

  • Analysis of mortality from suicide in the Altai Republic, Russia, for the period of 1990-2019

  • N. Semenova
  • Journal:
    European Psychiatry / Volume 65 / Issue S1 / June 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    01 September 2022, p. S591
    • Article
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  • Introduction

    The Altai Republic (AR) is a national republic of the Russian Federation (RF), where the indigenous people – Altaians live, and where a high death rate from suicide is recorded.

    Objectives

    To analyze the dynamics of mortality from suicide in the AR for the period from 1990 to 2019.

    Methods

    Data on mortality of the population were obtained from the Russian databases of demographic indicators. The data were analyzed in terms of indicators standardized per 100,000 population.

    Results

    In the AR, as well as in the RF as a whole, there has been an increase in the level of suicide since 1990, but in Altai it lasted for a longer period of time – for 13 years. Throughout the entire period, the suicide rates in the AR have consistently exceeded the all-Russian indicators by 1.5-3 times, and by 2019 the gap in indicators has doubled compared to 1990. The curve of mortality from suicide in the AR has a fluctuating character with spontaneous peaks, in contrast to the curve in the RF that has the form of a “plateau”.

    Conclusions

    In the AR, the mortality rate from suicide consistently exceeds the all-Russian indicators, by 2019 the gap in indicators has doubled. The mortality curve is fluctuating, which we associate with clustering of suicides. This phenomenon requires further study.

    Disclosure

    No significant relationships.

  • Kaznakhtite, Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16⋅4H2O, a new natural layered double hydroxide, the member of the hydrotalcite supergroup

  • Anatoly V. Kasatkin, Sergey N. Britvin, Maria G. Krzhizhanovskaya, Nikita V. Chukanov, Radek Škoda, Jörg Göttlicher, Dmitry I. Belakovskiy, Igor V. Pekov, Victor V. Levitskiy
  • Journal:
    Mineralogical Magazine / Volume 86 / Issue 5 / October 2022
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    21 July 2022, pp. 841-848

  • Kaznakhtite, ideally Ni6Co3+2(CO3)(OH)16⋅4H2O, is a new member of the hydrotalcite group within the hydrotalcite supergroup. The mineral was discovered at the Kaznakhtinskiy ultrabasic massif, Altai Republic, SW Siberia, Russia. It occurs as powdery aggregates forming flattened lenses up to 1.5 × 0.5 cm and veinlets up to 1 cm long and up to 1 mm thick in aggregates of chrysotile, lizardite, stichtite and dolomite. Other associated minerals include brucite, chromite, heazlewoodite, manganochromite, magnetite and magnesioferrite. Kaznakhtite aggregates are composed of tiny platy grains up to 0.01 mm across. Kaznakhtite is light green and translucent in aggregates. It has an earthy lustre and white streak. Cleavage is micaceous on {001}. Dcalc = 2.864 g cm–3. The mineral is optically uniaxial (–) with ɛ = 1.657(3) and ω = 1.676(3), and weakly pleochroic in greenish hues, ω > ɛ. Chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe, Co valence state determined by XANES spectroscopy, CO2 and H2O calculated by stoichiometry) is: MgO 2.15, NiO 47.40, ZnO 0.22, Al2O3 0.16, Cr2O3 0.98, Co2O3 17.42, Cl 0.63, CO2 5.05, H2O 24.60, –O=Cl –0.14, total 98.47. The empirical formula calculated based on the sum of all metal cations = 8 apfu is (Ni5.54Mg0.47Zn0.02)Σ6.03(Co3+1.83Cr0.11Al0.03)Σ1.97C1.00O2.99(OH)15.84Cl0.16⋅4H2O. Infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of CO32– anions, OH– groups and H2O molecules. The crystal structure was refined by the Rietveld method with RB = 0.19%. Kaznakhtite is trigonal, space group R͞3m, a = 3.0515 (3), c = 23.180 (3) Å, V = 186.93 (4) Å3 and Z = 3/8. The strongest lines of the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [d, Å (I, %) (hkl)] are: 7.72 (100) (003); 3.863 (24) (006); 2.630 (4) (101); 2.576 (10) (012); 2.294 (6) (015); 1.950 (4) (018); 1.526 (4) (110); and 1.497 (4) (113). Kaznakhtite is a Co3+ analogue of reevesite, Ni6Fe3+2(CO3)(OH)16⋅4H2O. The mineral is named after its type locality.