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Emergence of multiple resistance to EPSPS and ALS herbicides in smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus): a growing concern in Brazil

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 November 2024

Claudia de Oliveira ,
Sandra M. Mathioni ,
Ana Paula Werkhausen Witter Open the ORCID record for Ana Paula Werkhausen Witter [Opens in a new window] ,
Daniel Nalin ,
Lúcio N. Lemes ,
Eduardo G. Ozorio ,
Fernando Storniolo Adegas  and
Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Jr
Claudia de Oliveira
Affiliation:
Researcher, Syngenta Crop Protection, Holambra, SP, Brazil
Sandra M. Mathioni
Affiliation:
Researcher, Syngenta Crop Protection, Holambra, SP, Brazil
Ana Paula Werkhausen Witter*
Affiliation:
Ph.D Student, State University of Maringá, Department of Agronomy at the State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
Daniel Nalin
Affiliation:
Ph.D Student, University of São Paulo, Center of Nuclear Energy in Agriculture (CENA), Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
Lúcio N. Lemes
Affiliation:
Researcher, Syngenta Crop Protection, Holambra, SP, Brazil Researcher, Syngenta Crop Protection, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
Eduardo G. Ozorio
Affiliation:
Researcher, Syngenta Crop Protection, Holambra, SP, Brazil
Fernando Storniolo Adegas
Affiliation:
Researcher, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation/Embrapa Soja, Londrina, PR, Brazil
Rubem Silvério de Oliveira Jr
Affiliation:
Professor, Department of Agronomy at State University of Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brazil
*
Corresponding author: Ana Paula Werkhausen Witter; Email: anapaulawerkhausenwitter@gmail.com
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Abstract

Recently, farmers in Brazil have observed a decline in efficacy of glyphosate, chlorimuron, and imazethapyr control of smooth pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.). The objectives of this study were to quantify the resistance of Amaranthus in Brazil to glyphosate and acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides, elucidate the mechanism of resistance, and assess the frequency of shifts in sensitivity to glyphosate and chlorimuron in Brazil. Dose–response assays were conducted in a greenhouse with glyphosate, chlorimuron, and imazethapyr. This was followed by sequencing of the EPSPS and ALS genes. Additionally, 740 Amaranthus populations across several Brazilian states were monitored over 4 yr, subjected to a single discriminatory dose of glyphosate and chlorimuron. The populations BR18Asp051 and BR21Asp205 were resistant to glyphosate, chlorimuron, and imazethapyr. The elevated resistance level to glyphosate in these populations is attributed to multiple amino acid substitutions (TAP-IVS) in the EPSPS gene; and cross-resistance to sulfonylureas and imidazolinones is conferred by the Trp-574-Leu substitution in the ALS gene in both populations. Overall, resistance distribution indicated that 88% of the sampled populations were considered sensitive to glyphosate, while 66% were sensitive to chlorimuron. Furthermore, 10% of the samples demonstrated multiple resistance to both active ingredients. A shift in glyphosate sensitivity was observed in four states in Brazil; however, sensitivity shifts to chlorimuron were more widely dispersed in Brazilian agricultural regions.

Keywords

Chlorimuronglyphosateimazethapyrresistance frequencyresistance mechanism
Type
Research Article
Information
Weed Science , Volume 72 , Issue 6 , November 2024 , pp. 664 - 672
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Copyright
© The Author(s), 2024. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of Weed Science Society of America

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Footnotes

Associate Editor: William Vencill, University of Georgia

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