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Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of Convallaria keiskei and a proposal to recognize two types of double dormancy in seed dormancy classification

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  27 March 2015

Tetsuya Kondo ,
Mizuki Narita ,
Shyam S. Phartyal ,
Siti N. Hidayati ,
Jeffrey L. Walck ,
Jerry M. Baskin  and
Carol C. Baskin
Tetsuya Kondo
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
Mizuki Narita
Affiliation:
Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan
Shyam S. Phartyal
Affiliation:
Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, HNB Garhwal Central University, Srinagar, Garhwal-246174, India
Siti N. Hidayati
Affiliation:
Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
Jeffrey L. Walck
Affiliation:
Evolution and Ecology Group, Department of Biology, Middle Tennessee State University, Murfreesboro, TN 37132, USA
Jerry M. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
Carol C. Baskin
Affiliation:
Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA
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Abstract

Convallariamajalis has double dormancy and hypogeal germination, but no information is available on embryo growth or on the effects of light and gibberellic acid (GA3) on germination in this genus. Therefore, we investigated embryo growth and other germination features in seeds of C. keiskei and compared the data with those of Trillium camschatcense in another study. Until now, in seeds with double dormancy, embryo growth and germination (epigeal) have been studied in detail only for seeds of T. camschatcense. Phenology of embryo growth and emergence of cotyledonary petiole/root (hereafter root) and shoot in seeds of C. keiskei were monitored outdoors. Effects of temperature, light and GA3 on embryo growth and root and shoot emergence were tested under laboratory conditions. Roots emerged the first spring following seed dispersal in autumn. The embryo grew soon after root emergence, and germination was hypogeal. Seeds with an emerged root formed buds from which a shoot (leaf) emerged above ground during the second spring. Alternating temperatures and light had negative effects on root emergence, and GA3 did not substitute for cold stratification in root emergence. Seeds of C. keiskei have double dormancy, but it differs from that in T. camschatcense. Based on differences in embryo growth before (T. camschatcense) versus after (C. keiskei) root emergence, and on epigeal (T. camschatcense) versus hypogeal (C. keiskei) germination, we suggest that two types of deep simple double morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) be recognized. Since embryo growth in C. keiskei does not fit the standard definition of MPD, we propose to expand this definition.

Keywords

Convallaria keiskeideep simple double morphophysiological dormancydouble dormancyembryo growthepigeal germinationhypogeal germinationTrillium camschatcense
Type
Research Papers
Information
Seed Science Research , Volume 25 , Special Issue 2: Seed Dormancy , June 2015 , pp. 210 - 220
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Copyright
Copyright © Cambridge University Press 2015 

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