Abbreviations

3GPP

3rd Generation Partnership Project

AAP

alternative approval process

AB

accreditation body

AFi

Accountability Framework initiative

AI

artificial intelligence

ALF-CIO

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations

ANSI

American National Standards Institute

API

American Petroleum Institute

ARRC

Alternative Reference Rates Committee

ASA

American Standards Association

ASP

audit service providers

BBA

British Bankers Association

BCBS

Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

BIS

Bank for International Settlements

BRI

Belt and Road Initiative

BSCI

Business Social Compliance Initiative

BSEE

Bureau for Safety and Environmental Enforcement

CAC

Codex Alimentarius Commission

CACs

collective action clauses

CAS

Court of Arbitration for Sport

CCP

central counterparties

CCQ

Code Compliance Questionnaire

CDS

credit default swap

CFTC

Commodities Futures and Trading Commission

CGF

Consumer Goods Forum

CJEU

Court of Justice of the EU

COPOLCO

ISO Committee on Consumer Policy

COS

Center for Offshore Safety

CSR

corporate social responsibility

DEVCO

ISO Committee on Developing Country Matters

DEVPRO

ISO Programme for Developing Countries

DSSI

Debt Service Suspension Initiative

DWH

Deepwater Horizon

ECJ

European Court of Justice

ECOSOC

UN Economic and Social Council

EU

European Union

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organization

FCA

Financial Conduct Authority

FRBNY

Federal Reserve Bank of New York

FSA

Financial Services Authority

FSB

Financial Stability Board

FSC

Food Stewardship Council

FSF

Financial Stability Forum

FSOC

Financial Stability Oversight Council

GAP

Global Practices for Agriculture, manufacturing, and distribution

GDPR

General Data Protection Regulation

GFC

global financial crisis

GFSI

Global Food Safety Initiative

GSTC

Global Sustainable Tourism Council

GUF

Global Union Federation

HACCP

hazard analysis and critical control points

HRDD

human rights due diligence

IBA

ICE Benchmark Administration

ICE

Intercontinental Exchange

ICMA

International Capital Market Association

ICT

information and communications technology

IEC

International Electrotechnical Commission

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

IIF

Institute of International Finance

ILO

International Labour Organization

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IOC

International Olympic Committee

IOSCO

International Organization of Securities Commissions

IPMA

International Primary Market Association

ISDA

International Swaps and Derivatives Association

ISEAL

International Social and Environmental Accreditation and Labelling Alliance

ISMA

International Securities Markets Association

ISO

International Organization for Standardization

ISSB

international standard-setting body

ITA

Independent Testing Authority

ITC

International Trade Center

ITF

International Task Force on Harmonization and Equivalence in Organic Agriculture

ITU

International Telecommunications Union

ITU-D

ITU-Telecommunication Development Sector

ITU-R

ITU-Radiocommunication Sector

ITU-T

ITU-Telecommunication Standardization Sector

LIBOR

London Interbank Offered Rate

MA

master agreement

MarAD

US Maritime Administration

MMS

Minerals Management Service

MNC

multinational corporation

MODU

mobile offshore drilling units

MSC

Marine Stewardship Council

NADO

National Anti-Doping Organization

NAMA

non-agricultural market access

NCP

national contact point

NGO

nongovernmental organization

NTMs

non-tariff measures

OECD

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

OTC

over-the-counter

PEFC

Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification

R&D

research and development

RA

Radiocommunication Assembly

RADO

Regional Anti-Doping Organization

RCAP

Regulatory Consistency Assessment Program

RMG

ready-made garment

RSPO

Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil

SDO

Standards development organization

SDRM

Sovereign Debt Restructuring Mechanism

SEMP

Safety and Environmental Management Plan

SOFR

secured overnight financial rate

SSB

standard-setting body

SSO

standard-setting organization

TAP

traditional approval process

TBT

Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade

TCP/IP

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol

TFEU

Treaty on the Functioning of the EU

TPR

transnational private regulation

TR

trade repositories

TSAG

Telecommunication Standardization Advisory Group

UN

United Nations

UNCTAD

UN Conference on Trade and Development

UNEP

UN Environment Programme

UNGP

UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights

UNIDO

UN Industrial Development Organization

VEA

voluntary economic activism

VSS

voluntary sustainability standards

WADA

World Anti-Doping Agency

WTDC

World Telecommunication Development Conference

WTO

World Trade Organization

WTSA

World Telecommunication Standardization Assembly