Residency is a stressful period when residents face extremely high job and educational demands. In order to identify risk factors specific for psychiatric profession, we designed The International Psychiatry Resident / Trainee Burnout Syndrome Study (BoSS). It is the first large-scale international study with 26 countries included and this is report from Croatia and France, the first two to complete it. Study sample consisted of 224 residents – 54 from Croatia (54% response rate) and 136 from France (34.1%). The BoSS questionnaire collects data on demographics, education, work circumstances, The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS), The Suicide Ideation and Behaviour Questionnaire, The Areas of Worklife Survey and The Patient Health Questionnaire. Mean age of participants was 28.7 years (SD = 3.5), majority were female in the first half of the training. They showed moderate level of burnout. Being single, fewer working hours and vacation days, and higher workload significantly predicted higher emotional exhaustion and higher cynicism. We found that 49 (27%) reported lifetime suicide ideation and these were significantly more the French (48/136 vs. 1/54). Ideators scored higher on exhaustion, lower on cynicism and signficantly lower on professional efficacy scales (P = 0.002.). There were 5 (3.7%) persons (all French) who attempted suicide. We showed that psychiatry residents are at high risk for burnout and suicide ideation (higher than in similar studies). This is first comparative study between Croatian and French psychiatry residents and we found very specific differences that should be taken into account when creating national residency programs and interventions.