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Accepted manuscript

The time has come for revising the rules of clozapine blood monitoring in Europe. A joint expert statement from the European Clozapine Task Force

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 January 2025

Hélène VERDOUX Open the ORCID record for Hélène VERDOUX [Opens in a new window] ,
Robert A. BITTNER Open the ORCID record for Robert A. BITTNER [Opens in a new window] ,
Alkomiet HASAN ,
Mishal QUBAD Open the ORCID record for Mishal QUBAD [Opens in a new window] ,
Elias WAGNER Open the ORCID record for Elias WAGNER [Opens in a new window] ,
Alexis LEPETIT Open the ORCID record for Alexis LEPETIT [Opens in a new window] ,
Manuel ARROJO-ROMERO Open the ORCID record for Manuel ARROJO-ROMERO [Opens in a new window] ,
Christian BACHMANN ,
Marieke BEEX-OOSTERHUIS Open the ORCID record for Marieke BEEX-OOSTERHUIS [Opens in a new window]  and
Jan BOGERS Open the ORCID record for Jan BOGERS [Opens in a new window]
...Show all authors
Hélène VERDOUX*
Affiliation:
French Clozapine Task Force; Univ. Bordeaux, Inserm, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, team pharmacoepidemiology, UMR 1219, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
Robert A. BITTNER
Affiliation:
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Germany
Alkomiet HASAN
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. DZPG (German Center for Mental Health), partner site Munich/Augsburg, Germany.
Mishal QUBAD
Affiliation:
Goethe University Frankfurt, University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Germany
Elias WAGNER
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany. Evidence-based Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany.
Alexis LEPETIT
Affiliation:
French Clozapine Task Force; ACPPA group, F-69340 Francheville; Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hôpital des Charpennes, F-69100 Villeurbanne; Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS, Team Neuroplasticity in Parkinson’s disease, UMR 5229, F-69500 Bron, France
Manuel ARROJO-ROMERO
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Christian BACHMANN
Affiliation:
Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ulm University, Germany
Marieke BEEX-OOSTERHUIS
Affiliation:
Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, The Netherlands
Jan BOGERS
Affiliation:
Mental health Organization Rivierduinen, Leiden, The Netherlands
Andreja CELOFIGA
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Maribor, Maribor, Slovenia
Dan COHEN
Affiliation:
Dutch Clozapine Collaboration Group, Alkmaar, The Netherlands; Esdege-Reigersdaal, Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands
Domenico DE BERARDIS
Affiliation:
NHS, Department of Mental Health, G. Mazzini Hospital, Teramo, Italy
Marc DE HERT
Affiliation:
University Psychiatric Center Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuvensesteenweg 517, 3070, Kortenberg, Belgium; Department of Neurosciences, Centre for Clinical Psychiatry, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Leuven Brain Institute, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Antwerp Health Law and Ethics Chair, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
Carlos DE LAS CUEVAS
Affiliation:
Department of Internal Medicine, Dermatology and Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain
Bjørn H. EBDRUP
Affiliation:
Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center, Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital – Mental Health Services CPH, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
Konstantinos N. FOUNTOULAKIS
Affiliation:
3rd Department of Psychiatry, Division of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
Daniel GUINART
Affiliation:
Institut de Salut Mental, Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain; Programa Recerca en Salut Mental, Hospital del Mar Research Institute, CIBERSAM, Barcelona; The Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, USA
Dolores KEATING
Affiliation:
Saint John of God Hospital, Stillorgan, Co. Dublin, Ireland
Miloslav KOPEČEK
Affiliation:
National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic;Department of Psychiatry, Charles University, Third Faculty of Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
John LALLY
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincent’s Hospital Fairview, Dublin, Ireland; Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King’s College London, London, UK
Judit LAZÁRY
Affiliation:
Nyírő Gyula National Institute of Psychiatry and Addictions, Budapest, Hungary
Jurjen J. LUYKX
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. GGZ inGeest Mental Health Care, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Neuroscience (Mood, Anxiety, Psychosis, Stress & Sleep program) and Amsterdam Public Health (Mental Health program) research institutes, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
Olalla MARONAS AMIGO
Affiliation:
Pharmacogenomics and drug discovery (GenDeM), Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Genomic Medicine Group, CIMUS, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Galician Public Foundation of Genomic Medicine (FPGMX), Galician Healthcare Service (SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Espen MOLDEN
Affiliation:
Section for Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Center for Psychopharmacology, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
Jimmi NIELSEN
Affiliation:
Mental Health Centre Glostrup, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
Brian O’DONOGHUE
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, University College Dublin, Dublin; Department of Psychiatry, St Vincents University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
Pierre OSWALD
Affiliation:
Department of psychiatry, Hôpital Universitaire de Bruxelles, Belgium
Flavian S. RADULESCU
Affiliation:
Center for Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Carol Davila, Bucharest, Romania
Christopher ROHDE
Affiliation:
Department of Affective Disorders, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
Marina SAGUD
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia; Department for Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Center Zagreb, Croatia
Emilio J. SANZ
Affiliation:
Department of Physical Medicine and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidad de La Laguna, Canary Islands, Spain; Hospital Universitario de Canarias, Tenerife, Spain
Ivona ŠIMUNOVIĆ FILIPČIĆ
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb; Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
Iris E. SOMMER
Affiliation:
Department of Neuroscience, and Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
Heidi TAIPALE
Affiliation:
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, 70240 Kuopio, Finland Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
Jari TIIHONEN
Affiliation:
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, 70240 Kuopio, Finland Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, and Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm City Council, Stockholm, Sweden Neuroscience Center, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Heli TUPPURAINEN
Affiliation:
Department of Forensic Psychiatry, University of Eastern Finland, Niuvanniemi Hospital, 70240 Kuopio, Finland
Selene VEERMAN
Affiliation:
Mental Health Services Noord-Holland-Noord, Schagen, the Netherlands; Dutch Clozapine Collaboration Group, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
Alina WILKOWSKA
Affiliation:
Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
Edoardo SPINA
Affiliation:
Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
Peter SCHULTE
Affiliation:
Mental Health Services Noord-Holland-Noord, Alkmaar, the Netherlands; Dutch Clozapine Collaboration Group, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
*
Correspondence: Prof Hélène Verdoux, University Bordeaux, UMR 1219, Case 36, 146 Rue Léo Saignat, 33076, Bordeaux Cedex [email protected]

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Keywords

Clozapinetreatment-resistant schizophreniablood monitoringregulation
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European Psychiatry , Accepted manuscript , pp. 1 - 13
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is unaltered and is properly cited. The written permission of Cambridge University Press must be obtained for commercial re-use or in order to create a derivative work.
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© The Author(s), 2025. Published by Cambridge University Press on behalf of the European Psychiatric Association
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