Data from the most recent UK National Child Measurement Programme (NCMP) shows the prevalence of childhood obesity to be 10 % of children in reception year (aged 4–5 years) and 20 % in year 6 (aged 10–11 years)(1). The most recent National Diet and Nutrition survey(2) identified cereal and cereal products as the main source of free sugars in children aged 1·5–3 years and 4–10 years. Whilst breakfast cereals (BCs) are fortified with vitamins and minerals, there is growing concern over their sugar content and the link with weight gain and obesity, and cardiovascular risk in both children and adults(Reference Vos, Kaar and Welsh3). Using a cross-sectional approach we aimed to explore differences in nutrient content and recommended portion sizes between adult- and child-orientated BCs available in the UK.
BCs were chosen from four main supermarkets in the UK. BCs were classified as either adult- or child-orientated using a validated approach(Reference Schwartz, Vartanian and Wharton4) that considered if the BC packaging contained a licensed character, television, or movie theme, any other cartoon drawing, or an activity or promotion that was directed at children. Nutrient information was taken from details provided by the manufacturer. All data were analysed using IBM SPSS (Version 24.0).
One hundred and thirty five (n = 135) cereals were identified, with 10 (7·4 %) classified as children's BC and 125 (92·6 %) classified as adult BC. No significant differences for energy content per 100 g were observed between groups (table 1). Carbohydrate, sugars, protein and salt were all present at significantly greater quantities in the child-oriented BC when compared with the adult cereal group (table 1). Total fat (g/100 g) content did not differ significantly between adult and child BC groups (8·8 ± 8·7 g vs. 6·6 ± 6·3 g, respectively). Fibre content (g/100 g) was significantly (P < 0·05) lower in child BC when compared to adult BC (6·0 ± 2·9 g vs. 8·3 ± 3·2 g, respectively).
Table 1. Energy and nutrient content of cereals analysed
BC, breakfast cereal. Mean portion size, carbohydrate, sugar, protein and salt were significantly different when compared to adult BCs (Mann-Whitney U Test): *P < 0·05 vs. adult group.
These results demonstrate that children's BC in the UK contains significantly greater amounts of sugar and salt than adult BC, and is consistent with established literature from other countries(Reference Monique, Cameron and Philippe5). The contribution of BC to sugar intake is an important health target and may be of use when considering strategies to improve energy balance in this group.
