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The neuropathology of the brain malformation in fetal PI3KR2 related disease

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  30 January 2017

P. Diamandis
Affiliation:
University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario
S. Keating
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
D. Chitayat
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
G. Mirzaa
Affiliation:
Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington
P. Shannon
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract

Type
Abstracts
Copyright
Copyright © The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences Inc. 2017 

Activating germline mutations in PI3KR2 (Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase regulatory subunit 2) have been associated with a syndrome of macrencephaly, polydactyly and Polygyria (MIM#603387), which is well described in the clinical and radiological literature not histologically. We present the first pathological description of the condition of which we are aware in a 20 week gestation fetus. Midgestation ultrasound demonstrated complex congenital heart disease, and the pregnancy was interrupted at 20 weeks gestation. Neuropathological examination demonstrated cerebral macroencephaly, with a weight greater than twice that expected for gestational age. The hemispheres were symmetrically swollen with blunted Sylvian fissures, mildly enlarged lateral ventricles and thickened cerebral mantles. Histology demonstrated leptomeningeal and subcortical heterotopia, as well as premature and abnormal neocortical lamination, principally in the frontal lobes. Cajal Retzius cells displayed enlarged Reelin (+) varicosities extending into the superficial cellular layers of the cortex, and layer II demonstrated a population of large pyramidal cells. An intracortical calretinin (+) hypocellular band was sometimes present.