Help with note writing

Documentation is among the burdensome tasks that healthcare providers do daily. In fact, doctors now spend between 25% and 50% of their time on documentation, contributing to burnout, dissatisfaction, and lower documentation quality. ^{Reference Clynch and Kellett4} A reduction in manually entered text is found to be the most effective strategy in reducing time spent on note writing. ^{Reference Apathy, Hare, Fendrich and Cross5}

The process of drafting comprehensive notes, replete with well-constructed sentences, impeccable grammar, spelling, and syntax, often contributes to the inefficiencies in note-writing. Here is where ChatGPT comes in. In the following section, I will expand on this feature and note several use case scenarios in which you can apply ChatGPT.

Creating letters

Patients frequently request personalized letters from their healthcare providers. While many electronic health record systems offer letter templates, they can be cumbersome to locate and often require additional customization. ChatGPT can simplify this process by generating fully tailored letters with the appropriate prompts, circumventing the need for time-consuming template modifications. It is crucial to exclude any real patient information in these prompts to protect privacy. ChatGPT will employ placeholders (such as “Your Name,” “Patient’s Name”) in its drafts, which you can subsequently personalize using text-editing software

Other use-case scenarios in which you can enlist ChatGPT’s assistance would be in writing other professional communications. For this, it is good practice to only use the chatbot for proofreading.

Improving patient communication

Empathy and compassion are two important things that unquestionably improve patient satisfaction, and in our daily grind of trying to meet work targets and finishing documentation these skills could be sidelined. ^{Reference Pollak, Alexander and Tulsky7} After the launch of ChatGPT, one of the first applications of the chatbot among physicians was in enhancing bedside manners. ^{Reference Kolata8} ChatGPT can assist providers by generating empathetic, compassionate, and easy-to-understand scripts for providers to assist with communicating complex issues to patients.

Creating easy-to-understand and customized patient content

Medical diagnoses and treatment plans are often complex for patients and their caregivers to understand in one or a few visits. We supplement this with printed handouts that are oftentimes generated from standard templates. For less common topics, providers might turn to external resources and then tailor this information to the patient’s specific needs. With the right prompts, ChatGPT can generate not only easy-to-understand content that is customized for a patient but also to translate to other languages. It is recommended, however, to thoroughly review ChatGPT’s output for accuracy and appropriateness before distribution.

As quick reference in each step of a patient encounter

It has been demonstrated in multiple scenarios that ChatGPT can perform as well, if not better, than the average trainee in medicine in successfully taking medical exams. ^{Reference Kung, Marshall, Gauthier, Gonzalez and Jackson9,Reference Strong, DiGiammarino and Weng10} Its potential, therefore, in assisting clinicians is vast. ^{Reference Haug and Drazen2} In one study that looked at the performance of ChatGPT in answering clinical questions throughout a full clinical workflow, the authors found that the chatbot was accurate 72% of the time. ^{Reference Rao, Pang and Kim11} You can ask it medical questions along your own workflow but always make sure to verify every response for accuracy. ChatGPT can sometimes generate inaccurate responses and make it sound true (a “hallucination”), but this happens less in ChatGPT-4. With a little bit of prompt engineering, you can further reduce hallucinations by asking it to “only provide responses if 100% certain.”

Creating content for PowerPoint presentations and posters

Crafting PowerPoint presentations requires the ability to distill complex information into concise, well-organized bullet points. ChatGPT can streamline this process: simply provide prompts, and it will transform detailed paragraphs into presentation-ready bullet points or create new content for your slides (see Figure 1). This method is equally effective for developing content for scientific posters that use PowerPoint or a similar program.

Figure 1. ChatGPT output showing well-formatted bulleted points about vancomycin resistance in Enterococci with suggestions regarding additional visuals and design.

Additionally, DALL-E3, an AI program by OpenAI capable of generating images from text descriptions, has been recently added to ChatGPT-4 as a beta feature. ¹² With just a few text prompts, you can create customized images that you can later add to presentations and posters (see Figure 2).

Figure 2. A cartoon showing a bacterium developing antibiotic resistance generated by ChatGPT-4.

Perform data analysis

ChatGPT-4 recently introduced an “Advanced Data Analysis” feature, formerly known as the “code interpreter,” which can be particularly useful for those engaged in research, hospital statistics, or epidemiology. This beta feature allows users to conduct sophisticated data analysis with simple prompts (see Figure 3). This feature is not available in the free version of ChatGPT, which can sometimes hallucinate calculations.

Figure 3. Simple prompt for asking ChatGPT-4 to perform χ² analysis on an uploaded data set with output.

It can also generate code with explanations for each step for common programming languages used in statistical analyses, such as R or Python. Because advanced data analysis is a beta feature of the chatbot, it is advisable to check all output for accuracy.

Creating graphs and charts

The “Advanced Data Analysis” feature can also create visuals (graphs, charts, maps, etc.) for your data. You can create professional-looking visualization of your data with text prompts (see Figure 4).

Figure 4. Bar graph output of the same data set used in χ² analysis after asking ChatGPT-4 to “visualize” data.

As a medical quiz generator

ChatGPT not only aces medical exams but also generates exam questions, a skillset that usually requires additional training. With some prompt engineering, you can generate test questions for diverse learners. You can also prompt ChatGPT to generate a quiz for you that will show one question at a time and provide explanations after each question is answered.

As a journal club assistant

Lastly, one of the useful things you can do with ChatGPT is as a journal article reader. It can read a paper for you, summarize the content, answer questions about the paper, highlight the answers, and even critique the paper. I showed previously that you can do this with plug-ins ^{Reference Non13} ; however, you can do this easily with ChatGPT-4. Simply upload a document and ask your questions right away.

While the potential of ChatGPT is vast, there are limitations in its current form. The biggest concerns are data privacy and security, and inadequate regulations. ^{Reference Mesko and Topol14} Because many features of ChatGPT are still in research phase, it is good practice to avoid using identifiable health data and to follow institutional protocols regarding use of this technology. ^{Reference Asch15} While ChatGPT is trained on large amounts of data, it may contain biases that may have negative impact on its output. The training data of the chatbot are also not current. As of this writing, the current iteration of ChatGPT-4 was trained using information up to April 2023. It is, therefore, essential to crosscheck every output of the chatbot at all times. ^{Reference Lee, Bubeck and Petro16}

To end this, I quote Mr. Brand again: “Technology is liberating if you make it so.”

Generative AI has the potential to improve productivity and efficiency and even add humanity back to our healthcare practice that has been taken over by corporatism. Familiarizing yourself with ChatGPT’s features and use cases, especially for many of the tasks we routinely do in antimicrobial stewardship and hospital epidemiology, can help free up some time for yourself. It might seem like a nihilistic proposition, but AI integration into health systems and in many facets of our lives is inevitable. The only way you can make this new technology work for you is by knowing how to do so.