Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-22T14:58:58.533Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Index

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  07 April 2022

Jakob Norberg
Jakob Norberg
Affiliation:
Duke University, North Carolina

Summary

A summary is not available for this content. As you have access to this content, full HTML content is provided on this page. A PDF of this content is also available in through the ‘Save PDF’ action button.
Type
Chapter
Information
The Brothers Grimm and the Making of German Nationalism , pp. 247 - 258
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022
Creative Commons
Creative Common License - CCCreative Common License - BYCreative Common License - NCCreative Common License - ND
This content is Open Access and distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/cclicenses/

Index

absolutism, 35–36, 47–48, 117, 133
academies, 145
affinity, cultural, 182
Albrecht, Wilhelm Eduard, 139
Alsace, 30
Anderson, Benedict, 10, 11, 41
Anglo-Saxons (tribe), 163, 165
anthropology, 63, 68
aristocracy, 43, 44, 70
proposed elimination of ranks of, 121–122, 135
Aristotle, 168
armies, 51
conscription, 70
education as preparation for, 152–154
Hessian, 52–53
Arndt, Ernst Moritz, 67, 70–71, 72, 75, 76–77, 78, 133
Catechism for German Soldiers, 75
On Folk Hatred, 71
folktales, collection of, 77
Frankfurt Parliament, representative in, 121
Frederick William IV and, 120
and monarchy, 138
on particularity (Eigenthümlichkeit), 73
“What Is the Germans’ Fatherland? [Was ist des deutschen Vaterlands?]”, 70, 77
Arnim, Achim von, 61, 75, 76, 91, 131, 156
Des Knaben Wunderhorn, 81, 106
Arnim, Elisabeth (Bettina) von, 61, 81, 120, 135
Arnim, Johannes Freumund von, 61
Austria, 4, 120
authenticity, 80, 103
of folk tales, 18
national, 92–93
of national literature, 91
authority
epistemic, 48
legal, 96
philological, 3–4, 5–6
professorial, 98–101
royal, 116 see also monarchy; rule.
authorship, distributed, 90
autocracy, 53
Baecker, Dirk, 68
Barnard, F. M., 137
Battle of Leipzig (1813), 51, 61
Bavaria, 4
Bavarians (tribe), 174
Beowulf (epic poem), 87–88
Berlin, 21, 95, 120, 145
Prussian Academy of the Sciences, 120, 145
bilingualism, 42
Bismarck, Otto von, 46
Blackbourn, David, 6
Boas, George, 91
Boldt, Hans, 118
Bonaparte, Jérôme, 12, 33, 40, 54, 55
J Grimm’s criticism of, 57, 131
return to France, 51
Bonaparte, Napoleon, 40, 54–55, 65, 115
boundaries
between collector and collected, 107, 109–110
defensible, 35
folk hatred, secured through, 71
German, 134, 136–137
legitimization, 38
linguistic, 163
national, 4, 27, 29–31
of the people (Volk), 35
philologically defined, 31–32, 49
spatial, 35
state, 35
Brandt, Hartwig, 118
Brentano, Clemens, 156
Des Knaben Wunderhorn, 81, 106
Breuilly, John, 9
brotherhood, 129
Burgundians (tribe), 163, 164, 165
Burke, Edmund, 168
Burschenschaften (fraternities), 136
Catharina of Württemberg (Queen of Westphalia), 57
Catherine the Great of Russia, 47
censorship, 48, 117, 135
character
national, 88
of nationalism, 9–11 see also identity.
Charlemagne, 28
Chatten (tribe), 172
chauvinism, ethnic, 34
Christian VIII (King of Denmark), 1, 44
Christianity, 24, 25, 159
closenesssee intimacy.
collection, 11, 106–108, 183
and collector, 107, 109–110
of folk tales, 77
of folklore, 156–157
collectivity
of community, 169–170
cultural, 20, 86–87, 90, 183
community
collective origin of, 169–170
cultural artefacts, developed by, 86–87, 90, 91–92
and identity, 11
legal norms, developed by, 96
love, formed by, 126, 127, 128–129, 130–131
names and naming of, 173–174
nation as, 37, 38, 154
people (Volk) as, 35, 37
rights of, 68
territorialization of, 38
vs. state, 128–129
conformity, social, 151–152
Congress of Vienna (1814–15), 4, 30, 34, 116–117
Constant, Benjamin, 133
constitution
abrogation of, 119
national, 70
utility of, 139–140
viability of, 167
constitutional monarchy, 34, 117–120, 126, 138–140
constitutionalism, 133, 135
Creutzer, Carl Friedrich, 89
cultural extinction, fears of, 66–68, 163–164
cultural particularity (Eigenthümlichkeit), 40–41, 64–68
defense of, 71, 185
folktales, evidence of, 73–74
of Grimms’ Tales, 78–80
in legal norms, 96, 97
cultural recycling, 157
culture
ancient, importance of, 73
arming of, 68, 69
collective, 20, 86–87, 90, 183
construction of, 62
differences in, 57
diversity of, 19–20
encounters between, 172, 174–176
foreign influence on, 89, 93
German, 24–25, 28
and identity, 152
loss of, through formal education, 144
and nation, 16, 23, 37, 38–39
nationalist dependence on, 18
Nordic/Scandanavian, 87, 89, 175–176
ownership of, 87–88
philogists, redeemed by, 18–19
preservation of, 104–107, 108–112
resurrection of, 111
sophistication of, 92–93
temporal age of, 87
transmission of, 19–20, 88–91, 104, 106, 184
uniformity of, 155–156
vernacularization, 103
Dahlmann, Friedrich Christoph, 43–45, 46, 47, 84, 119, 120, 133
Die Politik, 167–168
Danish language, 26–27, 42, 44
Daub, Karl, 89
democracy, 37, 69, 135
denationalization, cultural, 89, 93
Denmark, 122
Copenhagen, 43
First Schleswig War, 45–46
and Schleswig-Holstein, 1, 22–23, 29, 42–43, 44, 45–46
despotism, enlightened, 15, 47–48
Deutscher Bund (German Confederation), 4, 34, 43, 116
Deutsches Museum (journal), 87
dialects, 13, 31
interconnectedness of, 162
loss of, 154–156
preservation of, 158
recording of, 156, 157
diglossia, 42
diversity, 184
cultural, 19–20, 57, 71, 155
human, 65
linguistic, 12, 41–42, 154–156
loss of, 19–20
unity in, 162
domestic spaces, 104, 105
domesticity, 61
Eddas (poems), 175–176
education, 19–20, 145–151
academies, 145
German nation, relation to, 145
institutions of, 145–146
language learning
familial, 146, 147
scholastic, 147–148
mass, 143–144
and dialect loss, 154–156
and state loyalty, 151–154
maternal, 143
as military preparation, 152–154
nation-building through, 144
schools, 19–20, 145–150
teachers, 147–150
and preservation of folk culture, 156–157
soldiers, compared to, 153–154
wet-nurses, compared to, 150–151
universities, 145
empire, 41, 170–171
British, 179
critique of, 162
Holy Roman, 29, 40, 52, 65 see also imperialism.
enemies, collective, 70, 71
English language, 31
Enlightenment, 47, 63, 127
Ernst August (King of Hanover, Duke of Cumberland), 21, 34, 43, 119–120
ethnicity, 5, 41
and chauvinism, 34
extinction, cultural, fears of, 66–68, 163–164
fairy tales see folktales.
Fallersleben, August Heinrich Hoffmann von, 177
familiarity, 96, 97
family, 129, 146, 147
fatherland, 20, 141
definitions of, 129–130
love of, 126–127, 128–130 see also identity, national.
federalism, 116
Feuerbach, Paul Johann Anselm von, 66
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 9, 67–68, 71, 72, 133, 152–153, 154
folk culture, 184
folk hatred, 70, 71, 76–77
folk song, 81
and epic poetry, 89, 90
folklore, 156–157
folktales, 6, 7, 15–16, 19
authenticity of, 18
cultural particularity of (Eigenthümlichkeit), 78–80, 83, 84
cultural prestige of, 101–102
cultural tradition in, 61
epic poetry, preserved by, 104–105
French, 80
literary status of, 103–104
mythology, preserved by, 105
and national identity, 58
and nationalism, 61–63, 78–84
natural, vs. artful, 102–103
pedagogic value of, 82
preservation of, 108–112
provenance, 62
Sleeping Beauty (Dornröschen), 105, 110
Fontane, Theodor, 137
foreignness, influence of, 89, 93, 137, 153
France
folktales from, 80
rule in Germany, 12, 33, 34, 40, 65
resistance to, 65–68, 70–71
Frankfurt am Main, 22, 28–29, 34, 122
Frankfurt Parliament (Frankfurter Nationalversammlung), 34, 46, 120–122
professors in, 46–47
Frankish language, 30
Franks (tribe), 163, 164, 165, 172
fraternities (Burschenschaften), 136
fraternity, 129
Frederick the Great (Frederick II, King of Prussia), 15
Frederick VII (King of Denmark), 45, 122
Frederick William III (King of Prussia), 153
Frederick William IV (King of Prussia), 49, 135, 137, 161
appoints Grimms to Prussian Academy, 120, 125
Grimm’s letter to, 1–2, 21, 50
and Heine, 48
Freeden, Michael, 134
freedom, 59, 97, 165, 168
national, 30
of scholarship, 59
popular, 8, 118, 126, 169
French language, 104
French Revolution, 33, 35–36, 40, 117
Friedrich II (Landgrave of Hesse-Kassel), 52
Frisians (tribe), 174
Fritzsche, Peter, 106
Geary, Patrick, 170
Gellner, Ernest, 9, 152, 184
George III (King of Great Britain and Hanover), 117
German Confederation (Deutscher Bund), 4, 34, 43, 116
German language, 18
vs. Danish, 26–27
education in, 153
as mother tongue, 143–144
sound shifts, 6, 26, 27, 168–169
standardized, 154–156
and “undeutsch” [un-German], 27–28
usage in Schleswig-Holstein, 42, 43, 44
Germanic language, 24
ancient, 25
distinctiveness, 26–27
Germanic tribes, 159, 161–162, 168–176
historical evidence for, 170–172
historiography of, 175–176
losses of, 163, 164
migrations of, 165–166, 168
names of, 171, 172–176
political organization of, 169
Roman governance, resistance to, 168, 170
and sound shifts, 168–169
Germanisten-Versammlung (Germanist assembly)
Frankfurt 1846:, 22–23, 33, 43–45, 46, 177
J Grimm as chair of, 24
J Grimm’s address to, 25, 28–29, 30–32
Lübeck 1847:, 127
Germanness
definitions of, 27–29
lack of, 46, 57
of literature, 91
loss of, 165
Germany
Bavaria, 4
Denmark, war with, 122
Deutscher Bund (German Confederation), 4, 34, 43, 116
boundaries of, 29–31
First Schleswig War, 45–46
Frankfurt am Main, 22, 28–29, 34, 122
French occupation of, 12
Göttingen, 21, 34, 56, 117, 118–120
Hanover, 4, 43, 118–120
Kingdom of Westphalia, 12, 40, 51, 54–56, 57
Marburg, 53
as nation-state, 53
political structure of, 4, 120
principalities of, 38, 162
school system in, 148, 150
Württemberg, 4 see also Austria; Frankfurt Parliament; Hesse/Hesse-Kassel; Holstein; Kassel; Prussia; Schleswig.
Gervinus, Georg Gottfried, 119, 160
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 87
Goffart, Walter, 171
Gönner, Nikolaus Thaddäus von, 94, 96–98
Gothic language, 30
Goths (tribe), 170
Göttingen, 21, 34, 56, 117, 118–120
Göttingen Seven protest, 119–120, 132
governmentsee rule.
gradualism, 31, 96, 99, 133
grammar, 26, 27
Grimm, Albert Ludwig, Children’s Tales [Kindermärchen], 82
Grimm, Jacob
biography, 33–34
childhood, 53
death, 46, 181
education, 53
in Napoleonic wars, 51–52, 54–56
social status, 183
career, 6–8, 10–11, 86, 114–126, 156–157, 181–182
censor, 117, 135
chair of Germanisten-Versammlung (German Assembly), 23, 24, 25, 28–29, 30–32
as civil servant, 33
Congress of Vienna, delegation secretary, 33, 56, 116–117
Frankfurt Parliament, representative in, 34, 45, 46, 120–122
and Frederick William IV of Prussia, 1–2, 21, 50
Hessian allied mission, secretary to, 115
under Jérôme Bonaparte, 12, 55
librarian, 117
monarchs, service to, 123–126
professorship at Göttingen, 56, 117
professorship at Prussian Academy, 120, 145
professorship, loss of, 34
Wilhelm I of Hesse, support for, 51–52
cultural and political views, 3–6, 17–18, 19, 34–35
ambivalent, 132–134
empire, critique of, 132
Germanness, definitions of, 27–29
Göttingen Seven protest, 119–120, 132, 139
on Jérôme Bonaparte, 57
liberalism, perceived, 132
on mass education, 145–149, 153–156, 157–158
modern, 14
on monarchy, 125–126
on mother tongue, 143–144
on Napoleonic occupation, 55
nationalist, 14, 16–17, 40–41, 64, 130–131
noble rank, elimination of, 121–122
organicist, 136
on particularity (Eigenthümlichkeit), 12–13, 73
people (Volk), definition of, 23
philologically based, 114–115
reticence, 32, 45, 134–135
Romanticist, 128
on Schleswig-Holstein, 45
on school teachers, 150–151, 153–154
fellow writers, commentary on
Arndt, Ernst Moritz, 67
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 68
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig, 69
Kleist, Henrich von, 84
Luden, Heinrich, 66
Savigny, Friedrich Carl von, 95, 99–100
Grimm, Jacob: works
German Grammar [Deutsche Grammatik], 6, 24, 26, 147
German Legal Antiquities [Deutsche Rechtsalterthümer], 24
German Mythology [Deutsche Mythologie], 24, 105
The History of the German Language [Geschichte der deutschen Sprache], 26, 159–180
arcane quality of, 173
collective German origin in, 169–170
cultural loss, fears of, 163–164
on the Eddas, 175–176
on Germanic tribe names, 172–176
on Germanic tribes, 168–176
imperial philology in, 178–180
imperial sources for, 170
and linguistic national boundaries, 162–163
methodology of, 161–162
national identity, basis for, 163–165
nationalism in, 162–163
political nature of, 7
political philosophy of, 166–168
on tribal migration, 165–166
writing of, 143
“School University Academy” [“Schule Universität Academie”] (lecture), 145–151
Über den altdeutschen Meistergesang, 128–129
Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm:joint works
Children’s and Household Tales [Kinder- und Hausmärchen], 6, 7, 15–16, 18, 58, 60–63, 101–107
editing of, 80, 83
editorial role in, 102–103
English versions, 75
German particularity of, 78–79
nationalism of, 61–63, 74–76, 77, 78–81
prefaces, 60, 61, 78–79, 101–104, 108–110
publication history, 75–76
Der Arme Heinrich, 51–52, 56, 58–59, 60, 77, 83
Deutsche Sagen [German Legends], 107–108
Deutsches Wörterbuch [German Dictionary], 6, 145
Grimm, Wilhelm
biography, 4
childhood, 53
education, 53
health, 55
in Napoleonic wars, 51–52, 54–56
social status, 183
career, 6–8, 115, 124
in Berlin, 120
and Frederick William IV of Prussia, 21
librarian at Göttingen, 56
librarian at Kassel, 56
Wilhelm I of Hesse, support for, 51–52
cultural and political views, 18–19, 77, 86–98
Göttingen Seven protest, 119
on Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig, 69, 76
liberalism, perceived, 132
on monarchy, 125
on Napoleonic occupation, 55
on national poetry [Nationalpoesie], 86–92
nationalist, 64, 70, 72
on natural vs. artful poetry [Naturpoesie vs. Kunstpoesie], 93–94
on the Nibelungenlied, 87–90
on particularity (Eigenthümlichkeit), 73
on Savigny, 95, 99–101
Grimm, Wilhelm: works
on folk tales, 61
folktales, editing of, 7
“On Legislation and Jurisprudence in Our Time [Über Gesetzgebung und Rechtswissenschaft in unserer Zeit]”, 94–98, 99
political impact of, 10–11
and Prussian Correspondent (journal), 75 see also Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm.
Grimm’s Law, 6
Groys, Boris, 157
Hagen, Friedrich Carl von der, 88
Haller, Karl Ludwig von, 133
Hanover, 4, 43, 118–120
hatred, folk, 70, 71, 76–77
Heeren, Arnold, 66
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich, 40, 99, 127
Heimat (homeland), 53
Heine, Heinrich, 7, 15, 48
Germany: A Winter’s Tale, 49
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 9, 64–65
and folk culture, 81
Herrmann (Arminius, Germanic chieftain), 84
Herwig, Wolfram, 170
Hesse/Hesse-Kassel, 4, 52–53
diplomatic missions of, 115–116
Electorate, restored to, 34
as Landgraviate, 52–53
potential tribal origins of, 172 see also Kassel.
history
cultural, 85–86
linguistics, based on, 161–162
national identity, supported by, 163–165
and poetry, 89, 90
political use of, 47
Holstein, 1, 22–23, 29–30, 42–46, 122
Holy Roman Empire, 29, 40, 52, 65
homesee domesticity; domestic spaces.
homeland (Heimat), 53
Homer, 88
homogeneity, 16, 42, 164, 165, 184
Hopkin, David, 7
Hroch, Miroslav, 74
Huber, Ernst Rudolf, 118
Huizinga, Johan, 53
humanity, plural, 65, 68
Humboldt, Alexander von, 21
Hutchinson, John, 103
identity
communal, 11
cultural, 152
national, 134, 157, 183
and folk tales, 58
history, supported by, 163–165
language, defined by, 142–144
and social status, 121–122
imperialism, 12, 13, 14, 138
decline of, 39–40
French, 65
German, 28, 29
Napoleonic, 54–55
nationalist arguments against, 166
and philology, 20, 161, 178–180
resistance to, 65–68
independence, political (Selbstständigkeit), 65–66
individualization, 93
inequalities, 135
intellectuals, 48–49
intimacy
cultural, 96, 176–178
between monarch and people, 57, 58
Jahn, Friedrich Ludwig, 68–69, 72, 75, 76, 78, 138
Jones, William, 179
Jordanes (historian), 170, 173
journalism, political, 15
Julius Caesar, 170
jurists, 98–99
Karadžić, Vuk, 10, 143
Kassel, 4, 18, 51
under Jérôme Bonaparte, 33, 40, 55
kings
advisors to, 47
dynastic, 38
Grimms’ engagement with, 7–8
and nationality, 2
philologist, 2–4, 8, 11–12, 17–18, 21, 34, 47
philosopher, 2–3, 12
prerogatives of, 5 see also monarchy; rule.
kinship, 129
Kleist, Heinrich von, 44, 84
The Battle of Herrmann [Die Herrmannsschlacht], 84
knowledge
empirical, 3
metaphysical, 3
and political legitimacy, 50
rule, separation from, 32
language
bilingualism, 42
dialects, 13, 31
interconnectedness of, 162
loss of, 154–156
preservation of, 158
recording of, 156, 157
distinctiveness, 18
grammar, 26, 27
learning
familial, 146, 147
scholastic, 147–148
mother tongue, 19–20, 42, 142–144, 146, 154
vs. language of school, 147–148, 151
national boundaries, defined by, 27, 162–163
national identity, defined by, 142–144
people (Volk), defined by, 25
plasticity of, 30–31
plurality of, 12
of rulers, 57, 58
spelling, 21
unity of, 147
languages
Danish, 26–27, 42, 44
English, 31
Frankish, 30
French, 104
German, 18
vs. Danish, 26–27
education in, 153
as mother tongue, 143–144
sound shifts, 6, 26, 27, 168–169
standardized, 154–156
and “undeutsch” [un-German], 27–28
usage, in Schleswig-Holstein, 42, 43, 44
Germanic, 24
ancient, 25
distinctiveness, 26–27
Gothic, 30
Latin, 149–150
loss of, 67, 165, 166
Middle High German, 88
Latin language, 149–150
law
authority of, 96
communal development of, 96
cultural particularity (Eigenthümlichkeit) in, 96, 97
French rule, introduced by, 40
Germanic tradition of, 24
legitimate, 97
monarchy, bound by, 97
rationalist models of, 96, 97
reform of, 94–98
scholarship of, 98–99
learningsee education; scholarship.
legitimacy
legal, 97
mass education, disrupted by, 144
of rule, 14, 69–70
through love, 131
via philology, 8, 13, 34, 57, 58, 85–86
popular, 34, 58
through shared culture/ethnicity, 5
Leipzig, 51
liberalism, 44, 132, 136
liberty see freedom.
linguistics
comparative, 12
Grimm’s Law, 6
of names, 172–173
literacy, 153
education for, 146–147
universal, 144
literature
alien occupation, diminished by, 67
collective, 20, 86–87
drama, 84
Eddas, 175–176
German
historical depth of, 103
recuperation of, 104–105
reputation of, 105
individualized production of, 92–93
nationalist, 62–63, 75–84
patriotic, 59–60
poetry, 59–60
cultural evolution of, 92–94
epic, 86, 87–90, 104–105
national [Nationalpoesie], 86–92
natural vs. artful [Naturpoesie vs Kunstpoesie], 93–94, 102–103, 113 see also folktales.
locality, 13–14
Lombards, 163, 165, 174
love, 126–131
community formed by, 127, 128–129
of fatherland, 126–127, 128–130
of monarch for nation, 126, 131, 140–141
nation as community of, 126, 130–131
Luden, Heinrich, 65, 66, 171
Luther, Martin, 44
Marburg, 53
Marcomanni (tribe), 172
Marx, Karl, 15, 161
mass communication, 15
Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor), 29
Metternich, Klemens von, 116, 120
Middle High German language, 88
Migration Period (Völkerwanderung), 89
militarization, 51, 52–53, 70
and education, 152–154
of nationalism, 70
modernization, 88, 94, 106, 185
Napoleonic, 13, 40, 55, 63
monarchy, 8, 182
abolition of, 139
constitutional, 34, 117–120, 126, 138–140
divinely ordained, 36
law, bound by, 97
limited, 169
loyalty to, 59
nation, love of, 126, 131, 140–141
and nationality, 5
people, relationship with, 57, 58, 132–133, 138, 139
rule of, 34
service to, 123–126
succession, 43
succession, female, 1, 43, 119
support for, 138 see also kings.
Montesquieu, Robert de, 168
mothers/motherhood, 142–143, 144, 150–151
Müller, Adam, 133
Murdoch, Adrian, 170
Musäus, J. K. A., Folk Tales of the Germans [Volksmärchen der Deutschen], 81
mythology, 105
indigenous German, 24
Norse, 175
Nachtigall, Johann Carl Christoph (Otmar), Folk Tales [Volcks-Sagen], 82–83
names and naming, 171
Napoleon Bonaparte, 40, 51, 54–55, 65, 115
Napoleonic wars, 18, 40, 51–52, 54–56, 58–60
Battle of Leipzig (1813), 51, 61
nation/nationhood, 185
as community, 154
boundaries of, 4, 27, 29–31
construction of, 154
cultural congruence of, 66
cultural identity of, 23, 37
vs. culture, 16
folktales, as proof of, 18, 105
and grammar, 26, 27
language, defined by, 142–144
vs. locality, 13–14
and love, 126, 130–131
loyalty to, 151–154
organic quality of, 68
philological definition of, 18, 26, 27, 38–39, 112–113
and popular sovereignty, 39
prior evidence of, 73–74, 91–92
as protection against imperial rule, 14
scholarship, produced through, 50
territorial definition of, 17–18
unit of rule, ideal, 65, 137, 181 see also state/statehood.
nationalism, 9–17, 63–72, 184–185
bardic, 91
character of, 9–11
cultural diversity, impact on, 155
and cultural particularity (Eigenthümlichkeit), 11–14, 65–68
culture, defense of, 68–69
development of, 63–64
and fears of cultural extinction, 66–68
and folk hatred, 70, 71
ideological thinness of, 134
imperialism, arguments against, 166
liberal, 44
linguistic, 166
literary culture, dependence on, 18
literature of, 62–63, 75–84
militarized, 70
occupation, response to, 40–41
paradoxes of, 14–15
philological, 10–11, 136–137
and political legitimacy, 69–70
propaganda of, 76–77
religious qualities of, 10
scholarship, validated by, 49–50, 73–75
in universities, 145
nationality, 139
character of, 88
language, defined by, 1
and monarchy, 5
preservation of, 69
un-Germanness, 27–29, 46, 57 see also identity, national.
newspapers, 15, 136
Nibelungenlied (epic poem), 86, 87–90, 92, 105
nobility, 43, 44, 70
proposed elimination of ranks of, 121–122, 135
nominalism, cultural, 13
Nordic culture, 87, 89
Eddas, 175–176
nostalgia, 61
ontology, social, 64, 68
organicism, political, 136
Otmar (Johann Carl Christoph Nachtigall), Folk Tales [Volcks-Sagen], 82–83
paganism, 24, 105, 175
Paris, 115
parliamentsee Frankfurt Parliament.
particularity, 11–14, 16, 40–41, 185
cultural (Eigenthümlichkeit), 40–41, 64–68
defense of, 71
folktales, evidence of, 73–74
of Grimms’ Tales, 78–80
in legal norms, 96, 97
protection of, 185
and foreign rule, 56
historical, 167
national, 183
patriotism, 126–127, 128–130, 153
poetry, expressed in, 59–60
Paul, Jean, 76, 143
peasantry, 70
people (Volk)
as demos, 36
as fundamental political unit, 34
boundaries of, 35, 36
definition of, 6, 23, 35
cultural-lingusitic, 25–26, 37, 38–39
unstable, 31
and folk culture, 80–83, 84
homogeneity, assumed, 42
legal norms, source of, 96
as national community, 37
organic formation of, 69
power of, 33
ruler, intimacy with, 57, 58 see also folk culture; folklore; folktales.
philologist king, concept of, 2–4, 8, 11–12, 17–18, 21, 34, 47
philologists
as cultural guardians, 93–94, 99–101
as imperial figures, 161
vs. intellectuals, 48–49
vs. philosophers, 47–48
political role of, 85–86
as redeemers, 18–19, 109–113
vs. royal advisors, 47
philology, 3
as labour of love, 126, 127
authority through, 3–4, 5–6
cultural closeness, value of, 176–178
cultural mediation through, 102–103, 106–107, 111–112
external viewpoint, value of, 178
imperial nature of, 20, 161, 178–180
limits of, 176
mass education as opportunity for, 156–158
national boundaries, defined by, 27, 31–32
and nationalism, 10–11
nationalist, 136–137
nationhood, facilitation of, 112–113
people (Volk), definition of, 25–26, 38–39
political power of, 32–33, 47–50
political value of, 8, 27, 28, 35, 39, 85–86, 183
sacralized, 130
philosopher king, concept of, 2–3, 12
philosophies, political
democracy, 37, 69, 135
liberalism, 44, 132, 136
republicanism, 136 see also nationalism.
philosophy, 47–48
place
domestic, 104, 105
homeland (Heimat), 53
locality, 13–14 see also fatherland; nation; territory.
Plato, 2–3
pluralism, 16, 64–65
pluralitysee diversity.
poetry
cultural evolution of, 92–94
epic, 86, 87–90, 104–105
national [Nationalpoesie], 86–92
natural vs. artful [Naturpoesie vs. Kunstpoesie], 93–94, 102–103, 113
war, 59–60
Poland, 30
political philosophies/concepts
democracy, 37, 69, 135
liberalism, 44, 132, 136
republicanism, 136 see also nationalism.
political units
nation as ideal, 65, 137, 181
people as, 34
tribes as, 169 see also empire; rule; sovereignty.
Pourciau, Sarah, 28
prejudice, 34
preservation
of culture, 104–107, 108–112
of dialects, 158
of folk culture, 156–157
of nationality, 69
press, 15, 136
principalities, 38, 162
propaganda, 76–77
Prussia, 4, 30
Berlin, 21, 95, 120, 145
Denmark, truce with, 46, 122
state education in, 148, 153
territories, loss of, 153
Treaty of Tilsit (Franco-Prussian, 1807), 153
Prussian Academy of the Sciences (Berlin), 120, 145
Prussian Correspondent, The (journal), 75
Ptolemy, Claudius, 170
purity, 31
Rankovíc, Slavica, 90
rationalism/reason, 127, 128
universal, 97
Reimer, Georg Andreas, 60, 75–76
religion
Christianity, 24, 25, 159
indigenous German, 24
paganism, 105, 175
republicanism, 136
reticence, political, 32, 45, 134–135
revolutions
of 1848, 120–121, 135
French, 33, 35–36, 40, 117
Reyscher, August Ludwig, 45, 50
Rheinischer Merkur (journal), 30, 72, 94
Rhoxolani (tribe), 172, 173
rights, 68, 134
Romanticism, 127–128
rule
absolutism, 35–36, 47–48, 117, 133
authority of, 3–4, 5–6
autocracy, 53
democracy, 37, 69, 135
despotism, 97–98
enlightened despotism, 15, 47–48
French model of, 54–55
imperial, 12, 13, 14, 138
decline of, 39–40
French, 65
German, 28, 29
nationalist arguments against, 166
resistance to, 65–68
and knowledge, separation of, 32
and law, development of, 96, 97
legitimate, 14, 69–70
via philology, 8, 13, 34, 57, 58, 85–86
popular, 34, 58
through shared culture/ethnicity, 5
limits of, 135
philological challenges to, 32–33 see also kings; monarchy; sovereignty.
Sassoon, Donald, 143
Savigny, Friedrich Carl von, 94–95
Grimms, influence on, 18, 24, 99–101, 112
on historical basis of law, 98–99
on legitimacy, 97
Scandanavian culture, 87, 89, 175–176
Schiller, Friedrich, 59
Schlegel, August Wilhelm, 40, 87, 88
Schlegel, Friedrich, 87, 127
Schleiermacher, Friedrich, 66, 75
Schleswig, 1, 22–23, 29–30, 42–46, 122
scholarship
cultural mediation through, 102–103, 111–112
historical culture, founded on, 85–86
legal, 98–99
nationalism validated by, 73–75
school teachers, 147–150
and preservation of folk culture, 156–157
soldiers, compared to, 153–154
wet-nurses, compared to, 150–151
schools, 19–20, 145–150
Scott, James, 155, 170, 171
Sheehan, James, 118
Sigambern (tribe), 172
sovereignty, 35
popular, 34, 36–37, 41, 69, 138
and determination, 35
and monarchy, 118
and nationhood, 39
and territory, 38
royal, 69
and rule, 139
state, 139
space
boundaries of, 35
domestic, 104, 105 see also place.
standardization, 185
state/statehood, 35–36, 38, 67
boundaries, 35
centralized, 41
vs. communities, 128–129
loyalty to, 151–154
schooling, mandated, 145–150
sovereignty of, 139
and tribes, 171 see also nation/nationhood.
status, social, 70, 148–150 see also nobility.
Stein, Baron vom, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, 66, 67
Stewart, Susan, 103
storiessee folktales.
storytelling, 79, 102, 105, 106, 184
decline of, 106
Strabo, 173
Studien (edited volume series), 89
Sturluson, Snorri, 175
Tacitus, Cornelius, Germania, 168, 169, 170, 175
Tatar, Maria, 106
teachers, 147–150
and preservation of folk culture, 156–157
soldiers, compared to, 153–154
wet-nurses, compared to, 150–151
territory
ethnic/linguistic diversity in, 41–42
ethnic/linguistic divisions of, 42
ownership of, 35, 38
people’s relationship to, 38
Thibaut, Anton Friedrich Justus, 98
Thomas, Richard, 170
Thorkelín, Grímur Jónsson, 87
Tieck, Ludwig, 76
Treaty of Tilsit (Franco-Prussian, 1807), 153
tribessee Germanic tribes.
unification, 33, 70, 159–160, 163, 181
and loss of cultural diversity, 19–20
uniformity, 13, 155–156, 164, 165
units of political rule
nation as ideal, 65, 137, 181
people as, 34
tribes as, 169 see also empire; rule; sovereignty.
unity, 16
in diversity, 162
of German people, 28
of language, 147
universalism
of reason, 97
resistance to, 12, 40, 41
universities, 145
Vandals (tribe), 172
varietysee diversity.
Victoria (Queen of the United Kingdom), 119
Vienna, 120
Visigoths (tribe), 165
Volksee people.
Völkerwanderung (Migration Period), 89
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet), 15
vom Stein, Baron, Heinrich Friedrich Karl, 66, 67
Vormärz era, 117–118, 139
Waitz, Georg, 169
Warner, Marina, 109
wars
cultural representation of, 59–60, 87
First Schleswig War, 45–46
Napoleonic, 18, 40, 51–52, 54–56, 58–60
Battle of Leipzig (1813), 51, 61
nationalism, arising from, 70
Treaty of Tilsit (Franco-Prussian, 1807), 153
Weber der Jüngere, Veitsee Wigand, Paul.
Westphalia, Kingdom of, 12, 40, 51, 54–56, 57
wet-nurses, teachers as, 150–151
Wigand, Paul (Veit Weber der Jüngere), 59–60, 62, 70, 78, 133, 136
War Poems of the Germans [Kriegslieder der Deutschen], 59–60
Wilhelm I (Elector of Hesse), 51, 54, 55, 56–57
Wilhelm II (Elector of Hesse), 117
Wilhelmina Caroline of Denmark (Electress of Hesse), 60
William IV (King of the United Kingdom and Hanover), 119
Wolf, Friedrich August, 90
Württemberg, 4
Wyss, Ulrich, 173
Zeuss, Johann Kaspar, 161, 174

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

  • Index
  • Jakob Norberg, Duke University, North Carolina
  • Book: The Brothers Grimm and the Making of German Nationalism
  • Online publication: 07 April 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009063890.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

  • Index
  • Jakob Norberg, Duke University, North Carolina
  • Book: The Brothers Grimm and the Making of German Nationalism
  • Online publication: 07 April 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009063890.011
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Index
  • Jakob Norberg, Duke University, North Carolina
  • Book: The Brothers Grimm and the Making of German Nationalism
  • Online publication: 07 April 2022
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781009063890.011
Available formats
×